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有關八年級下英語語法總結
總結是在某一特定時間段對學習和工作生活或其完成情況，包括取得的成績、存在的問題及得到的經(jīng)驗和教訓加以回顧和分析的書面材料，它可使零星的、膚淺的、表面的感性認知上升到全面的、系統(tǒng)的、本質的理性認識上來，讓我們來為自己寫一份總結吧。如何把總結做到重點突出呢？以下是小編為大家收集的有關八年級下英語語法總結，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
八年級下英語語法總結 1
一. 重點詞匯
( 一 ) 詞形轉換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應詞) king
3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety
( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重點詞組:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做決定
3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 預訂
8. come up with 想出（主意）
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付；賠償
11. raise money 籌錢
12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為……訂房間
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝
19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間
20．a(chǎn) hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）臥
21.my pleasure 不客氣
二．重點句型及重點語言點
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。
to tell you 是動詞不定式短語， 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。
go on a visit to 去參觀/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩
4．It’s hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語，It 是形式主語。
如： It’s nice to meet you.
5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是：
I’ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來，然后我們來決定最好的郊游方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We’re trying to decide on a school.
7.It’s too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠了。同義句是：It’ too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…？乘……去泰山要花多長時間？
9．How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢？
How much does a standard room cost ? 一個標準間的價格是多少？
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我們的票價是硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。
at 意為“以……”，一般用于表示價格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為“供，適合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預訂20張硬臥票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 預訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為……預訂房間
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預訂一些14號的房間。
12．Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請在下午5：30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國的費用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預訂房間。
make a reservation 預訂
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我們有帶浴缸……的房間。
with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國的學校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個學生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎的票。
(1)each 作主語，謂語用單數(shù) Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. （2）用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語，謂語用單數(shù)。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用于復數(shù)主語后，作主語同位語，謂語用復數(shù)。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來信。
Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重點語法
動詞不定式
（1）動詞不定式常跟這些及物動詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用順口溜（要想拒絕忘記，需要努力學習，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始）
（2）不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
（3）不定式可以和疑問詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
（4）本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?
一、重點詞匯：
（一）詞形轉換：
1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern
3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull
5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded
（二）重點詞組:
1.make a plan 擬定計劃
2. make sure 確信，確保
3. come along with 和……一起來
4. at the foot of 在……的腳下
5. be surprised at 對……感到驚奇
6. be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
7. out of sight 看不見
8. step on one’s toes 踩著某人的腳
9. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布于
11.rush out 沖出去
12.raise one’s head 抬頭
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 謝天謝地
二． 重點句型及重點語言點
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當你在旅行時， 我正忙于準備考試。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事
I’m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 當……時候，引導時間狀語從句。當一個動作在正在進行時，另一個動作也同時進行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計劃好嗎？
Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細勘測了整個區(qū)域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山環(huán)繞。
make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It’s about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個半小時。
Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It’s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。
to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位詞+of 表示在某一范圍內的地區(qū) Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進定陵，對那里的奇觀感到很驚奇。
be surprised at 對……感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們不得不尋找停自行車的地方
space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
當人群從四面八方擠來時，有人踩了他的腳。
in one’s direction 朝著某人的方向 step on one’s toes踩了某人的腳
step on sth 踩某物 Don’t step on the flowers and grass.
9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.
當他最后沖出人群時，他注意到他的兩個朋友都不見了。
notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事
10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
三個男孩一見面，就高興得跳了起來。
as soon as 引導時間狀語從句 意為“一……就”
He left as soon as he heard the news.
I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.
11.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起頭。 not …until 直到……才
12.They were so lovely that we couldn’t help playing with them.
它們太可愛了，我們禁不住和它們一起玩。
can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn’t help laughing.
13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我對在中國的一切感到滿意。]
be satisfied with 對……感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work.
14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。
ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
三.重點語法 時間狀語從句
1。引導詞：
（1） when, while , as 當……時候. when 后可跟短暫性動詞也可跟延續(xù)性動詞；while 后跟延續(xù)性動詞；as 多用于口語，強調同一時間，或一前一后。
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 學生在教室里談話時，老師進來了。
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊唱歌。
（2）not … until 直到……才，主句謂語動詞常用短暫性動詞。
I won’t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之后，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 時態(tài)
（1）當主句為一般過去時時，從句常用過去的某種時態(tài)。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)當主句的時態(tài)為一般將來時， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：
1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
2.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.
3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.
6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.
Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people
一、重點詞匯：
（一）詞形轉換：
1. death (動詞) die (形容詞 )dead 2 slow (副詞) slowly
3.crossing（動詞）cross 介詞） across 4. success（動詞）succeed (形容詞successful
5．Pain (形容詞) painful 6. lead (名詞) leader
7.final (副詞) finally 8impossible (反義詞) possible
9 courage （動詞） encourage
（二）重點詞組:
1．Slow down 減速
2. run into 撞到
3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事
4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
5. ride into 進入 躋身于
6 get used to (doing) 習慣于做某事
7. a sharp turn 急轉彎
8. be popular with 受……的歡迎
9. get a fine 處以罰金
10. go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事
11. the way to success 成功之路
12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則
13.break the traffic rules 違反交通規(guī)則
14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
15.be famous for 因……聞名
16. be in danger 處于危險中
17.after a while 一會兒
二． 重點句型及重點語言點
1．I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我認為北京的交通很擁堵。
traffic 是不可數(shù)名詞
2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人們都遵守交通規(guī)則，交通事故將會減少。
If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規(guī)則，將很危險，我們會受到處罰的。
這是if 引導條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
3．I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比較級
4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 這樣可以節(jié)約能源以及避免空氣污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
You should avoid making the mistake like that.
He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.
5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行車深受人們歡迎。
Be popular with 受……歡迎
6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。
8．.However, his way to success didn’t go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆風順。
The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
I didn’t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作沒什么結果。
9．Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面對生命中其他挑戰(zhàn)一樣，蘭斯迎頭面對。
10．It seems impossible to beat him. 打敗他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
She always seems to be sad.
三.重點語法 條件狀語從句
1.條件狀語從句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引導的，謂語動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。
主句 if從句
Will (must, should, may) 一般現(xiàn)在時
如：I won’t go if he doesn’t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引導的結果句，祈使句在意義上相當于條件狀語從句。
如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
回答：2008-05-22 00:55
英語語法經(jīng)典例題800例：非謂語動詞（例題1）
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞 could 就斷定此處應填動詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實正確答案應是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動詞 do，若把句子補完整應為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could)一起構成謂語。請再看類似例句：
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學習以便趕上他的同學。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結構的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C，這與前面動詞 spent 的搭配有關，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時要用動名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結構推出。
【分析】其實答案應選A。比較以下結構：
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請看以下試題：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨立主格結構，用作狀語。
(4) 選C錯誤：因為all her time 與 devote 為被動關系，故應將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯誤：若單獨看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯，但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或將D將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
英語語法經(jīng)典例題800例：虛擬語氣（例題）
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了)。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認為前后兩句的動詞性質應一致;選C者，認為其后帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應用將來時態(tài)。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助動詞 + 主語”是一個很有用的結構，它表示“……也一樣”時。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選D。
英語語法經(jīng)典例題800例：強調句（例題）
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認為強調的是原因狀語從句 because we were late。
【分析】但實際上，此題的答案為B，強調的是句子主語 our being late，此題若還原成非強調句，即為：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，強調句的一個顯著特點是，若去掉強調結構 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;換句話說，該結構中的 that 不能充當句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A，為強調句的特殊疑問句形式，其相應的陳述句形式為：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比較以下各題，它們也屬強調句的特殊疑問句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案選C，被強調成分為 who，該句實為類似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類強調句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的Tom 提問而得)。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案選C，被強調成分為 what，該句實為類似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類強調句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的a bike 提問而得)。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，但最有可能誤選的可能是A，認為這是一個普通的系表結構，即認為第二空要填形容詞作表語。
【分析】其實，此題是一個強調句，其非強調形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的強調句式強調其中的狀語 very carefully 即為上面一題的題干，所以答案應選B。請看下面幾例，也屬強調結構：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案選C，被強調成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時間狀語從句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案選C，被強調成分為 at Christmas，其中的動詞 be 采用了 may have been 這一較為復雜的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students
often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認為這是一個強調句，強調地點狀語 in the hall。
【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學生們通常是在
大廳開會”，單獨看這一句，無論是其意思還是其語法均未錯，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來看，則不通，因為上文的意思是“你是在
哪兒找到昨天作報告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。
其實，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意
為“是在學生們經(jīng)常開會的那個大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語意就通順了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題為一個強調句型，空格處應填 that (即選D)，被強調成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意
為“讓我生氣的不是他說的話，而是他話中的意思”。請再看兩例：
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案選C，為強調句型，被強調成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為“很可能是面試時表現(xiàn)出緊張，使他失去
了這份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案選B，為強調句型，被強調成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來自何地
或你是從事什么工作的”。
英語語法大全經(jīng)典例題800例：名詞性從句（例題）
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
【陷阱】可能誤選B。許多同學一看選項首先就排除了C和D，認為這樣兩個“引導詞”疊用的情況不太可能。在A和B兩個選項中，選項A肯定不行，因為它引導賓語從句時不能充當句子成分，所以便選擇了B。
【分析】正確答案選 D。第一個what 用作動詞 meant 的賓語，第二個what 用作動詞 said 的賓語，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 為主句，what what he said meant 為賓語從句，而在此賓語從句中又包括有 what he said 這樣一個主語從句。
2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
A. which B. how
C. what D. having
【陷阱】可能誤選A。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。有的同學誤選A，是因為認為介詞后應接關系代詞 which，但實際上，若填關系代詞，其前沒有先行詞，這根據(jù)不是一個定語從句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主語，所以B和D也不能選。請再做下面一題(答案選B)：
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
A. that B. what
C. which D. as
3.“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.
A. this B. that
C. all that D. that all
【陷阱】根據(jù)中文字面意思誤選A或B。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。假若選A或B，那么轉換成陳述句即為：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 顯然句中的兩個謂語動詞 is與want相沖突。選D組成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 為句子主語，all 為表語，you want to say 為定語從句，用以修飾all。
4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
【陷阱】可能誤選D，認為 when 后應用疑問句詞序。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。第一個when引出的是一個特殊疑問句，故用疑問詞序;第二個 when 引出的是主語從句，故其后用陳述句詞序。請做以下試題(答案選C)：
(1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries
C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry
(2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we
C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。首先可以排除A和C，因為空格處實為一個賓語從句，所以不能用疑問句詞序。另一方面，但按英語習慣，當用于指代身份不明的人時，要用代詞it，而不用 he 或she等。比較以下兩句：
Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在門口，他想見你。
Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有個人在門口，可能是郵遞員。
第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代詞 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代詞 someone，說明此人身份尚不明確，故其后用了代詞 it 來指代。
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A或B：選 A 的同學認為這是指人的，故用who;選B的同學認為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)。
【分析】其實答案應選C。that引導的是一個賓語從句，用作動詞 know 的賓語，它只是被句中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。請做以下試題(答案均為C)：
(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which
C. as D. because
前面兩題 that 引導賓語從句，后面一題 that同位語從句(修飾the news)。
英語語法大全：特殊同位語歸納
英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，本章主要介紹英語語法中的句子成分，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。
特殊同位語歸納
當兩個詞或詞組在一個句子中具有相同的語法地位而且描述相同的人或事物時，我們稱它們?yōu)橥徽Z。基本形式的同位語大家一般不會出錯，但有幾種同位語，或由于本身結構特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結構比較特殊，往往會引起誤解。現(xiàn)小結并舉例說明如下，希望引起同學們的注意。
1. 代詞we, us, you等后接同位語
Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書嗎?
They three joined the school team. 他們3人參加了校隊。
She has great concern for us students. 她對我們學生很關心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。
2. 不定式用作同位語
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下達了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他上了車。(to walk along…與the instruction同位)
3. -ing分詞用作同位語
Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個開卡車的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一個熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個計劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
4. 形容詞用作同位語
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易會，是有史以來規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀了很多書，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都來到街頭觀看游行。
【注】這類同位語與定語比較接近，可轉換成定語從句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之類的結構用作同位語
We none of us said anything. 我們誰也沒說話。
We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他們兩人都不想去。
Theyve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他們兩人誰也沒能贏得她的信任。
【注】同位語并不影響其后句子謂語的“數(shù)”，如：
學生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請比較下面一句(謂語用了單數(shù)，因為each為句子主語)：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 從句用作同位語(即同位語從句)
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息說她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不動腦筋做此工作的想法是錯誤的。
八年級下英語語法總結 2
Module 1
簡單句：由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構成。
一. 五種基本句型：
1． 主語＋系動詞＋表語 （S+V+P）He is happy.
2． 主語＋不及物動詞＋（狀語） ( S+V ) He is swimming.
3． 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋（狀語） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.
4． 主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,
主語＋及物動詞＋直接賓語＋間接賓語 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.
5． 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.
二. 練習：寫出下列句子的基本成分。
1． He likes music very much.
2． The soup tastes salty.
3． She works very hard.
4． My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.
5． My father bought me a computer.
Module 2
賓語從句：以一個句子作為賓語的復合句。
一. 賓語從句的時態(tài)：
主句 從句
一般現(xiàn)在時 要根據(jù)具體情況選擇所需要的時態(tài)
一般過去時 相應的過去時態(tài)
一般過去時 客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)
e.g. He says that he is going to the cinema.
He said that he couldn’t finish the work on time.
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
二. 賓語從句的語序：陳述句的語序。
三. 賓語從句的引導詞：
陳述句 that (在口語中可省去)
一般疑問句 if / whether
特殊疑問句 疑問詞 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how)
e.g. He says. He likes painting.---- He says (that) he likes painting.
Is he American? He asked ---- He asked if / whether he was American.
Where is the cinema? I don’t know ---- I don’t know where the cinema is.
四. 練習：把下列句子改為賓語從句。
1. The story is very interesting. (he said)
2. What did you say? ( I didn’t hear)
3. Where does he come from. (I want to know)
4. Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)
5. Has she seen the film? (I don’t know)
6. How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)
7. He is playing computer games. (he says)
8. They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)
Module 3
動詞不定式（to do）和動名詞（v-ing）
有些動詞后面需加to do或-ing來把意思補充完整。接to do的單詞多為 “打算”、“計劃”、“希望”之類的動詞，而這些動詞都表示未來。接-ing形式的動詞要么表示是正在進行，要么表示一般性或經(jīng)常性行為。有的動詞既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。
一. 接to do的動詞有：want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。
二. 接-ing的動詞有：feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。
三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的動詞有：hate, like, love, begin, start（意思一樣），remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on（意思不一樣）等。
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