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在國(guó)外旅行要注意的禮節(jié)
If you’ve done any traveling at all, you’re likely quite aware that customs and etiquette differ from one culture to another: what may be perfectly innocuous in one place may be hideously offensive in another, and vice-versa.
如果你出國(guó)旅行過(guò)，你很可能回憶道各國(guó)文化之間的風(fēng)俗和禮儀差異很大：在這個(gè)國(guó)家這種風(fēng)俗禮儀無(wú)傷大雅但在另一個(gè)國(guó)家卻顯得冒犯之極，反之亦然。
Granted, even if you haven’t traveled at all, you’re probably aware of the fact that certain types of behavior aren’t exactly acceptable in other countries: belching at the table may be a sign of gratitude in some places, but in most areas of North America and Europe, such a display will earn you a fair bit of ire.
的確，即使你從不出去旅行，你可能也明白對(duì)于某些行為而言，換個(gè)國(guó)家真的接受不了：有的國(guó)家認(rèn)為在飯桌上打嗝是對(duì)一頓美味的飽餐后表達(dá)自己的贊美之意，但在北美和歐洲的大部分地區(qū)，打嗝代表忿怒之意。
Whether you plan on traveling to any of the places listed below or just doing business with a foreign client, it’s important to educate yourself on the standards of politesse and etiquette beforehand—the last thing you want to do is offend someone with any ignorant, boorish behavior. Here’s how to be polite in 16 different countries:
不管是計(jì)劃到如下所列的地點(diǎn)去旅行還是只與外國(guó)客戶談業(yè)務(wù)，自己先了解一下禮貌和禮節(jié)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，千萬(wàn)不要因?qū)ΧY儀的不了解以及粗魯?shù)男袨槎胺溉恕Ｏ挛氖顷P(guān)于如何在16個(gè)國(guó)家做一名有禮貌懂禮節(jié)的旅行者的注意事項(xiàng)。
1. Sweden
瑞典
Keep personal distance and don’t touch people when you talk to them. Ensure proper table manners, never discuss religion or politics, and try to maintain a level of quiet dignity. Silences during conversations are not considered uncomfortable, and it’s better to be a bit quiet, rather than overly verbose. When dining out, don’t drink before the host offers a toast, and don’t get drunk.
和人說(shuō)話的時(shí)，要保持一定的距離不要碰到對(duì)方。注意正確的餐桌禮儀，不要討論宗教或政治話題，還有盡量做到有自尊。在談話中保持沉默并不會(huì)讓人感到有不舒服的感覺(jué)，適當(dāng)?shù)陌察o比太過(guò)啰嗦反倒好。外出就餐時(shí)，主人端上面包之前不要喝酒，而且不要喝醉。
2. Mexico
墨西哥
When meeting others, women should initiate handshakes with men, but all people should avoid making too much eye contact; that can be seen as aggressive and belligerent behavior. If sharing a meal with others, keep your elbows off the table and try to avoid burping at all costs. Keep your hands off your hips, and make sure you never make the “okay” sign with your hand: it’s vulgar.
男女見(jiàn)面時(shí)，女人應(yīng)該主動(dòng)與男人握手，但不要有太多的目光接觸;總有眼神接觸會(huì)被看作是積極好戰(zhàn)的行為。如果與他人一起吃飯，不要把你的手肘放在桌子上，不要打嗝。不要把手放在臀部上，而且不要做“OK”的手勢(shì)，這個(gè)手勢(shì)粗俗之至。
3. Germany
德國(guó)
Much like Scandinavian people, Germans tend to be reserved and polite. Ensure that handshakes are firm, and always 、address people with Mr. or Mrs. followed by their surname (“Herr” or “Frau” if you’re confident that you’ll pronounce them well). Decent table manners are of great importance, and be sure to say “please” and “thank you” often.
德國(guó)人和斯堪的納維亞人一樣都傾向于保守和禮貌。握手時(shí)要牢牢握緊，在姓前加上先生或太太的稱呼(如果你對(duì)自己的德語(yǔ)發(fā)音自信的話，要用德語(yǔ)稱呼“先生”或“夫人”)。良好的餐桌禮儀非常重要，“請(qǐng)”和“謝謝”一定要常掛嘴邊。
4. China
中國(guó)
Be generous with saying “thank you” when someone does anything from pouring you tea to offering you a gift, and if or when you receive a gift, take it with both hands. If someone makes a comment about your weight/appearance/idiosyncrasy, try not to take it as offensive: it’s merely an observation on their part.
當(dāng)有人給你倒茶給你送禮物時(shí)，不要吝惜說(shuō)“謝謝”，并且如果你收到禮物或當(dāng)你收到禮物時(shí)，要用雙手接禮物。如果有人評(píng)論你的體重/外表/特質(zhì)，盡量不要視為是有冒犯之意：那只不過(guò)是對(duì)你個(gè)人外表長(zhǎng)相和性格特質(zhì)的一種表象觀察印象而已。
5. Pakistan
巴基斯坦
Be sure to dress modestly (especially if you’re female), and if you go out for a meal, eat with your right hand; the left is considered unclean. Sit on your left hand if you need to, but keep it away from your food. Don’t show anyone the bottom of your shoe, and try not to touch anyone with your feet.
穿著一定要得體(尤其是女性更要注意衣著得體這點(diǎn))，如果你出去吃飯，用右手吃飯;左手被認(rèn)為是不潔凈的。如果需要坐的話，坐在你的左手邊，但左手不要碰食物。不要把腳抬起來(lái)，你的腳盡量不要碰到對(duì)方。
6. France
法國(guó)
Be sure to say “please” and “thank you” often, and always thank people for their time. If you need help at a shop, apologize to the staff for bothering them with a question, and be sure to thank them before you leave. Make sure that you chew with your mouth closed during meals, don’t speak when your mouth is full, and for goodness’ sake, don’t slurp anything!
一定要多說(shuō)“請(qǐng)”和“謝謝”，而且總要對(duì)占用人家時(shí)間表示感謝。如果你在商店需要幫助，因問(wèn)問(wèn)題而打擾到店員要向店員表示歉意，在你離開之前一定要感謝店員的熱心幫忙。在咀嚼食物時(shí)要閉著嘴嚼，不要在塞滿滿口食物時(shí)說(shuō)話，拜托吃東西時(shí)不要出聲!
7. Korea
韓國(guó)
Don’t be offended if a Korean woman merely nods instead of offering her hand to shake, and don’t extend yours to her. Never touch a Korean person while talking to them (unless you’re on very friendly terms), and maintain a respectable distance: personal space is rather vital. Try to avoid talking too much during meals, and offer to pay even if you know that the other party is treating you.
如果一個(gè)韓國(guó)女人只是向你點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭而不和你握手，不要生氣，也不要向她伸出手做握手的動(dòng)作。和韓國(guó)人說(shuō)話時(shí)不要有肢體接觸的動(dòng)作(除非你們的關(guān)系非常友好)，并保持一段體面的距離：個(gè)人空間相當(dāng)重要。就餐時(shí)盡量不要說(shuō)太多話，并且即使你知道對(duì)方請(qǐng)你吃飯，你也要搶著付錢。
8. Japan
日本
When dealing with Japanese clients, be sure to dress fairly conservatively, and make sure that you bow lower than they do upon meeting them. Accept gifts with both hands (and open them later, not in front of the giver), and never blow your nose at the dining table. Avoid asking and answering direct questions: it’s better to imply rather than ask, and to answer with vagueness during conversations.
與日本客戶打交道時(shí)，穿著一定要保守，并且在見(jiàn)面鞠躬時(shí)，你的身子要低于對(duì)方的身子。用雙手接禮物(不要當(dāng)面就打開禮物，回頭再拆開禮 物)，不要在餐桌上擤鼻涕。不要提問(wèn)和回答很直接的問(wèn)題：暗示性地問(wèn)問(wèn)題的方式比直接發(fā)問(wèn)的方式好，對(duì)話時(shí)最好能語(yǔ)焉不詳?shù)鼗卮稹?/p>
9. Argentina
阿根廷
This is another country in which people will lean in close when they speak to you, and touch you often during a conversation. Pulling away is considered rude and “cold”, so be prepared to sacrifice your own personal space for the sake of social courtesy. Maintain strong eye contact, and don’t put your hands on your hips.
阿根廷這個(gè)國(guó)家的人和你說(shuō)話時(shí)，也會(huì)和你靠得很近，并且在談話時(shí)經(jīng)常有身體接觸的動(dòng)作。說(shuō)話時(shí)離得遠(yuǎn)被認(rèn)為是無(wú)禮“冷漠”，所以，為了在社交時(shí)做到有禮貌要準(zhǔn)備好犧牲自己的個(gè)人空間。要保持伴有眼神接觸的動(dòng)作，不要把手放在臀部。
10. The Netherlands
荷蘭
Shake hands with everyone, ensuring that you smile and make eye contact while doing so. Make appointments for meetings and social functions well in advance (like, a couple of weeks in advance), and be punctual when you show up. Feel free to bring gifts such as chocolate or flowers when visiting people.
握手時(shí)要面帶微笑并伴有眼神交流的動(dòng)作。提前預(yù)約會(huì)議或社交活動(dòng)的時(shí)間(如，提前兩周預(yù)約見(jiàn)面時(shí)間)，還要守時(shí)出現(xiàn)。與人見(jiàn)面時(shí)，隨身帶個(gè)小禮物，如巧克力或鮮花。
11. Russia
俄羅斯
Turning down an alcoholic drink is considered terribly offensive in Russia, so it’s a good idea to fortify yourself with some greasy food before heading out for a meal with Russian or Ukrainian clients. Don’t smile at strangers or they’ll think you’re deranged, and when paying for items, place your money on the counter rather than trying to hand it directly to the cashier.
在俄羅斯拒絕喝酒被視為非常無(wú)理的行為，所以與俄羅斯或?yàn)蹩颂m客戶出去吃飯時(shí)，自己在出門的時(shí)候多吃些油膩的食物是一個(gè)好主意。不要對(duì)陌生人微笑否則他們會(huì)認(rèn)為你瘋了，購(gòu)物付錢時(shí)，把錢放在柜臺(tái)上不要直接把錢遞到收銀員面前。
12. Canada
加拿大
Canadians are (for the most part) polite, respectful, and fairly reserved people. It’s important to remember social niceties such as saying “please” and “thank you” when dealing with them, and if you open doors for people and offer firm handshakes, you’re sure to stay in the good books. When ordering food or drinks, never begin with “I want…,” as it’s considered rude and ignorant to do so.
多數(shù)加拿大人都很懂禮貌、尊重禮節(jié)并且是相當(dāng)保守的人。記住社交細(xì)節(jié)這點(diǎn)很重要，如與他們打交道時(shí)說(shuō)“請(qǐng)”和“謝謝”，并且如果你向大家敞開心扉并熱情地握手，你肯定能給人留下好印象。在點(diǎn)餐或飲料時(shí)不要以“我想要…，”的句子開頭，這樣會(huì)顯得你很粗魯無(wú)知。
13. Italy
意大利
Dress formally and respectably in churches and upscale restaurants, and ensure that your table manners are impeccable. Be punctual, always be generous with social niceties, and under no circumstances should you ever be drunk in public. Say “please” often, and if possible, try to make at least a bit of an effort to learn a few Italian words and phrases.
在教堂和高檔餐廳穿著要正式體面并確保你的餐桌禮儀做到無(wú)可挑剔。要始終記住守時(shí)這一社交細(xì)節(jié)，并且在任何情況下，你都不應(yīng)該在公共場(chǎng)合醉酒。“請(qǐng)”字常掛嘴邊，如果可能的話，盡量努力學(xué)習(xí)一些意大利單詞和短語(yǔ)。
14. Nepal
尼泊爾
It’s best to dress modestly when traveling around Nepal, and if you end up exchanging gifts with others, never do so with your left hand. When it comes to sharing meals, use utensils so you avoid contaminating anything with implements that may have touched your mouth, and take care to remove your shoes upon entering someone’s home, or a temple.
環(huán)游尼泊爾時(shí)穿著最好要謹(jǐn)慎，如果你與別人交換禮物，不要用左手遞送禮物。一起吃飯時(shí)，盡量不要用自己放在嘴里用過(guò)的餐具去夾飯菜，并且進(jìn)入別人家里或者進(jìn)入一座廟宇時(shí)要記得脫鞋。
15. The U.K.
英國(guó)
Like in Canada, people in the United Kingdom tend to be fairly polite and reserved. Possibly more so. Be very courteous in your speech, never address anyone by their given name unless invited to do so (always address them as Mr./Mrs./Miss followed by their surname to begin with), and ensure that you use proper table manners when sharing meals.
英國(guó)人和加拿大人一樣都很禮貌、很保守，可能還有更禮貌和保守。說(shuō)話時(shí)要很謙恭，除非別人力邀否則不要稱呼他們的名字(在姓之前總要加上先生/夫人/小姐的稱呼)，并且在一起吃飯時(shí)，確保您使用正確的餐桌禮儀。
16. Brazil
巴西
Smile often, don’t be afraid to touch others during conversation, and be generous with the “thumbs-up” sign. Avoid the “okay” gesture (it’s offensive), and if you eat a sandwich, use a napkin to hold it rather than your bare hands. Don’t use a toothpick without covering your mouth with your free hand, and if you’re going to wear a tiny string Speedo on the beach, be sure to strut around in it.
經(jīng)常微笑，在對(duì)話期間不要擔(dān)心與別人有肢體接觸的動(dòng)作，并且要大方做出豎起“大拇指”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。不要做“OK”這個(gè)手勢(shì)(這個(gè)手勢(shì)顯得有些冒犯)。如果你吃三明治時(shí)，用餐巾包著吃不用手直接抓著吃。剔牙時(shí)要用手捂著嘴遮蓋一下，還有如果你想要在沙灘上穿性感的泳衣，以防走光一定要遮擋一下。
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