Warm-up

In this unit you will…

Read a museum guide, a magazine article and an extract from a short story.

Listen to descriptions of buildings and paintings and a song.

Talk about paintings, paper art and buildings.

Write notes and a description of a house.

Learn how to use prepositions and relative clauses.

Warm-up

1 Do you know these paintings and their painters? Do you know any other works by these painters?(Introduce these painters and their paintings.)

2 Match some of the Key Words with the paintings.

Example A: modern, war, dark colours

Key Words

Style: realistic, abstract, pop, modern

Subject: scenery, people, war Colours: light/dark, bright, soft

Shapes: round, square, clear Lines: straight/wavy, hard

3 Listen and identify the paintings.

Tape script

(1) Well, I really like this picture-it’s easy to see what’s happening.

Like the bright colours-of the girl’s blue dress and her blonde hair.

I also like the round shapes in the picture. I think the topic is interesting too-the girl looks worried and she’s thinking about her boyfriend.

(2) Personally, I think this one is good. It’s got very strong lines and you can almost feel the music. And the colours-they’re great-they’re really bright. I like abstract paintings because you have to use your own imagination to understand what the painter is trying to do. I think…

(3) This one’s my favourite. It shows the horrors of war really well with the dark, dark colours and the terrible images. The lines and shapes are square and geometrical. They show violence and pain. Look at the house and the mother with her dead child. It’s a very frightening painting because…

(4) Well, I think this one’s the best. I really like the bright colours and the clear lines. I love the colour of the water in the swimming pool. The style’s strange-it’s realistic, but very simple at the same time.

4 Work in pairs. Talk about the paintings. Which of them do you like most?

Example

A: I think C is nice. I like the bright colours and clear lines.

B: Yes, it’s OK. But I prefer…

Show some Chinese painters and their paintings.

Writing: Describe a painter you like most and introduce his paintings.

Key Points

abstract research

straight hair / a straight line / put the room straight ( in order ) / walk straight

an international ballistic missile 洲際彈道導彈

1. pain n. 疼痛；痛苦；悲痛 hurt in the body or mind

His broken leg gave him a lot of pain. 他的斷腿使他非常疼痛。

She suffers greatly from a pain in the back. 她背痛很厲害。

Bad teeth often cause pain. 壞牙常引起疼痛。

He has a pain in the head. 他頭痛。

He gave his mother much pain by acting in such a foolish way. 他干這樣的蠢事使他的母親很痛苦。

n. 辛苦；勞苦 care; effort; trouble

He spares no pains. 他不辭勞苦。

He is at great pains to do his work well. 他竭盡全力把工作做好。

It takes pains to learn a foreign language well. 學好外語需要花大氣力。

No gains without pains. 不勞則無獲。

vt. 使痛苦；使疼痛 cause or give pain to; hurt

Does your tooth pain you? 你的牙齒會痛嗎？

Does your leg pain you much? 你的腿很疼嗎？

My head is still paining me. 我的頭還在疼。

Homework

Review the new words. Prepare for next lesson.

Lesson 1 A Matter of Taste

Teaching aims：

To read the text

To practise using prepositions of time, place and movement

To describe a simple scene

Teaching difficulties:

To practise using prepositions of time, place and movement

To describe a simple scene

Teaching Aids: computer and cassette

Teaching procedures:

I. Warming up

T: Today we read an article named a matter of taste, guess what it is about?

T: The article is about art. Show these pictures: Cabbage, Racing Horse and Poppy

Who drew these pictures?

When students give their answers the teacher show the pictures of painters, Qi Beishi, Xu Beihong and Chen Yifei.

T: Which one do you like best? Why?

About these painters how much you know about them?

II. Reading: Read the text, please

Task 1

Then answer the questions

1. Who is famous for drawing pretty women?

2. Who is more good at drawing simple pictures we often see in our life.

3. Why did Chen Yifei use black as the background of Poppy.

4. Who held exhibitions abroad to advance Chinese art?

5. What is Xu Beihong’s masterpiece?

Task 2 talking

What characters do these pictures have?

Racing horse: The moving hair on the horse’s mane and tail shows a horse running at high speed. Using different shades of grey shows the sweat along the horse’s body. The painting of dark and light colors is a favorite of many art lovers.

Poppy: To emphasis the woman even more, Chen adds lots of detail to her dress and fan, and choose to paint the background black.

Morning glory : Leaves the audience guessing and makes them use their imagination.

III. Correct errors

1. Chen Yifei’s works is very valuable, and one of his paintings sold at US$ 503,000.

2. The end of the novel leaves readers guess and imagination.

3. Her hand hold the fan is elegantly positioned above her knees.

4. He traveled cross the country and painted many pictures.

5. It’s back eyes, that are fixed on the cabbage, show the creature’s interest in the cabbage.

6. The painting of dark and light color is favorite of many art lovers.

Answers: 1. at 改為for 2.guess 改為guessing 3.hold 改為holding 4. cross 改為across 5.that 改為which 6. favorite前加 a

IV. Language points

1. be fixed on用（眼睛等） 盯住，凝視；吸引（注意）

He was fixed on the moving snake, full of fear. 他盯著這條蠕動的蛇， 充滿了恐懼。

Tom fixed his attention on the picture that he was drawing.

湯姆的注意力都集中在他正在畫的圖上。

2. leave “使/讓（某人/某物）處于某狀態, 接現在分詞, 形容詞,過去分詞做賓語補足語。

Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 別讓她在雨中等著。

Leave the door open, please. 讓門開著吧。

Little Tom ran out of the door, leaving the homework undone.

小湯姆跑了出去， 留下了沒寫完的作業。

3. be deep / lost in thought陷入沉思

Dick was staring out of the window, lost in thought. 迪克盯著窗外，陷入了沉思。

4. add … to增添， 添加

Do you want to add your name to the list? 你想把自己的名字加到名單里嗎？

add up to 合計，總共

His whole school education added up to no more than one year.

他的整個學校教育加起來總共不到一年。

5. show /take interest in對…表現出興趣

David show interest in biology and want to do research in it in the future.

大衛對生物感興趣，將來想從事這方面的研究。

V. Taste works

Show the three painters’ works according to the character described in the text.

Guess who drew it? Xu Beihong, Qi Baishi or Chen Yifei?

Then show students more their works to improve art taste

VI. Read to learn and vocabulary

Do the exercise 2and 3

VII. Grammar

Do the exercise 4 and 5 to learn the use of prepositions of time, place and movement

Do the exercise 6 to consolidate grammar

VIII. Language in Use

2. shade n.[U] 蔭；陰涼處 a place where it is dark because the sun does not shine directly

We sat down to rest under the shade of a tree. 我們坐在樹蔭下休息。

It’s very hot today; let’s sit in the shade under the tree. 今天很熱，咱們坐在樹蔭下面吧。

There isn’t much shade here. 這兒陰涼地兒不多。

n.[C] 遮光物（罩）；簾 thing that keeps strong light from your eyes

Put down the window shade. 把窗簾拉下來。

n.[C] 色彩的濃淡 colour

I want the same colour in a lighter shade. 我要色調稍淺的相同顏色。

3. sweat n.[U] 汗 drops of water that come out of one's skin when one is afraid, etc.

He worked on until he was in a sweat. 他一直干到出一身汗。

vi. 出汗；冒汗 give out sweat

We sweat when it is very hot. 天氣熱時我們會出汗。

vi. 出水珠 form moisture in drops on the surface

The wall are sweating. 墻上滲出水氣。

vi. （俗）賣力工作；勤奮工作 (colloq) work hard

He is always sweating(away) at his job. 他總是很賣力地工作。

4. youth n. 青年；青年時期；少年時期 the time when you are young

In my youth I played football. 我在年輕的時候踢足球。

He was friend of my youth. 他是我年青時代的朋友。

n. 少年；青年；小伙子 boy or young man

As a youth he showed no promise of becoming a great pianist.

少年時，他未顯示將來可成為一個偉大的鋼琴家。

Half a dozen youths were standing at the street corner. 六位青年正站在街角。

n. 青年們；青年男女 young men and women

The youth of today are very lively. 現在的青年充滿生氣。

the youth of our country 我國的青年們 youth clubs 青年俱樂部 Youth League 青年團

5. fix v. 使固定；安裝 put something in place so that it will not move

The geography teacher fixed the map on the blackboard. 地理老師把地圖釘在黑板上。

Can this radio be fixed here? 這臺收音機可以安在這里嗎？

We sell at fixed prices. 我們按固定價格銷售。

The meeting was fixed for nine o’clock that evening. 會議定在當晚九點舉行。

v. 修理 mend something

Can you fix my broken sandal? 我涼鞋壞了，你能給修修嗎？

v. 確定，安排，定（計劃） arrange something, make a plan

Let’s fix a time for the party. 咱們給聚會訂個時間吧。

Come tonight and we'll fix things for you. 今天晚上來，我們給你安排一下。

6. creature n. 生物，動物 an animal

Birds are creatures which fly. 鳥是會飛的動物。

There was not a living creature to be seen anywhere. 無論在哪里都看不到一個動物。

n. 人 a human being a cold-blooded creature

Man, in a sense, is the creature of circumstances. 從某種意義上說，人是受環境支配的。

7. emphasise vt. 強調，著重 speak firmly to show that what you are saying is important

He emphasized the importance of careful driving. 他強調了謹慎駕駛的重要性。

He emphasized that this must be finished in time. 他強調這事必須按時完成。

8. detail n.[C] 詳情；細節 one of the small parts that make the whole

Don’t omit a single detail. 一點細節也不要漏掉。

I like your plan, now tell me all the details. 我喜歡你的計劃，請把全部細節告訴我。

concrete detail 具體細節 essential (chief) detail 主要細節

minor detail 小節 a matter of detail 小事

9. cloth n.[U] （棉，尼龍，羊毛等）織物；布 material made from cotton, nylon, wool, etc.

This cloth wears well. 這布耐穿。

I have bought some cloth to make a pair of trousers. 我買了一些布做褲子。

Here is a piece of cloth to clean the window with. 這里有一塊擦窗戶用的布。

n.[C] 作某種特殊用途的一塊布 piece of this material made by weaving (cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.)

a coarse cloth 粗布 composition cloth 合成纖維布 cotton cloth 棉布

10. fold vt. 折疊 to bend something back on itself

I folded the letter and then pit it into the envelope. 我把信折好后放進信封。

She folded the newspaper into four. 她把報紙折成了四折。

fold down the corner of a page 將書頁摺角

11. shallow adj. 淺；水少的 not deep; with not much water

The river is shallow here; we can walk across. 這里河水很淺，我們可以趟過去。

These are shallow water holes. 這是一些淺水坑。

As a shallow man, he can’t give you any good advice.他是個知識淺薄的人,不可能給你什么好的忠告。

a shallow argument 淺薄的議論

Lesson 2 Great Buildings

Teaching aims:

To give opinions about buildings

To listen and make notes

To listen and identify stressed words that give new information

To practise describing places

Teaching difficulties:

To listen and identify stressed words that give new information

To practise describing places

Teaching Aids: computer and cassette

Teaching procedures:

I. Warming up

T: Today we have a lesson about great buildings. What do you think we call great buildings?

T: The teacher show some pictures of great buildings: such as Taj Mahal, India, pyramid, the Great Wall, Notre Dame de Paris, Eiffel Tower and London Bridge

Can you say out these buildings’ names?

T: These famous buildings have become symbols of these countries.

When we describe a building we often mention its period, materials, features and kinds of building. Now we will listen to a radio program about buildings you pay attention to these aspects.

II. Listening

Task 1 Do the exercise 3

In order to help students to understand the listening materials better, before listening to the cassette the teacher show these words.

medieval 中世紀的 marble 陽臺

balcony 天使 ornament 大理石

angel 裝飾物 loch 瓷磚

tile 湖灣

Match the buildings in the photos with the names.

Show the pictures of these buildings

Which of the buildings do you like best? Why?

Do you want to know more about these buildings? Now listen to the cassette

Do the exercsie3.

It is more likely that students can’t get right information after listening the materials twice. So if necessary listen once again to complete the table.

Task 2 Do the exercise 4

Listen to someone describing her favorite building. Which of the building in the photos does she choose?

Eilean Donan Castle

She likes it because it is mysterious, like something from a fairytale. When you get inside it’s sort of strange and ghostly.

After giving students answers listen to the cassette again to check answers.

Task 3 Do the exercise 5

First give student enough time to read the Function File and Students listen to the description again and complete it.

The teacher guide students to know what expressions we should use when we don’t know the exact word by the exercise.

Task 4 Do the exercise 6

Study the Listening Strategies with the class,

Remind students of the use of stress to mark important words in a sentence. Ask them to listen for the stressed words which give some new information for the person listening.

Play the cassette, pausing after each sentence to give students time to write down the stressed words.

Ask the question: How many words do you write down?

Ask students to give answers then the teacher gives the right answers.

Listen to these sentences again. What are they?

The teacher gives the listening materials so that students understand what they didn’t catch.

III. Writing and Speaking

Do the exercise 7 to practise describing places

Choose a building you like (or hate) in your area. Make notes about it.

Do the exercise 8

Work in groups. Describe your school buildings to your classmates, but don’t say its name. See if they can guess which building it is. Use expressions from the Function file.

The purpose is that the exercise can make the class lively, at the same time practise oral English.

Key Points:

12. feature n. [~s]相貌,面貌,容貌,五官

a man of fine features 美貌的男子,美男子

n. 顯著的特征,特色; 要點[of]

a significant feature of our time 現代的重要特色

the geographical features of a district 某地區的地理特征

13. statue

a statue of Nelson

14. ruin n. 毀滅；毀壞 destruction; extreme damage

The ruin of the house was caused by a violent tornado. 一陣猛烈的旋風把房屋卷倒了。

n. 毀滅，失敗等的原因 anything that causes destruction, defeat, etc.

Drinking was his ruin. 飲酒是他的禍根。

come to the brink of ruin 走近毀滅的邊緣

v. 使毀壞；使毀滅 to destroy; to damage; to spoil

The storm ruined the crops. 暴風雨毀掉了莊稼。

ruin one’s health 損害自己的健康

ruin one’s life 毀滅自己的生命 ruin one’s reputation 玷污自己的名譽

Lesson 3 Chinese Paper Art

Teaching aims:

To practise scanning the text to extract specific information

To practise using relative clauses.

To practise giving definitions of words with the help of relative pronouns

Teaching difficulties:

To practise using relative clauses.

Teaching Aids: computer and cassette

Teaching procedures:

I. Warming up

T: Look at the pictures on this page. What style do these pictures belong to?

S: Chinese paper cut

T: Which paper cut do you like most?

T: Today we will read an article about paper cut. Have you ever tried paper-cutting? On what occasions would you use paper cuts?

T: Nowadays, paper cuts are chiefly used as decoration. They ornament walls, windows, doors, columns, mirrors, lamps and lanterns in homes and are given as presents themselves.

Now let’s look at some paper cuts and describe them.

Picture 1. This paper cut is of a boy holding a big fish.

Picture 2 The two women who are dressed in red are dancing.

Picture 3. The monkey who is eating a big peach is really lovely.

Picture4 The paper cut of red phoenix is fit for wedding party.

Picture 5 These farmers are busy sowing in their fields.

II. Reading

How much do you know about paper cut? Do you know the answers to these questions?

Present the questions in exercise 4, and give students time to read these questions.

Read the article and you will the knowledge of paper cuts

III. Voice Your Opinion

What meaning can you get from these paper cuts?

Paper cuts with a long history is a special art form of China, and it plays an important part in people’s everyday life.

IV. Knowledge Structure

True or False

1. The writer want to learn the skill of paper cuts.

2. Paper cut has something to do with clothing design.

3. Relations often use paper cuts to do something for the dead on special days.

4. The earliest paper cut dates back to the Southern Song Dynasty .

5. The text refers to us that paper cuts was once a necessary skill of a young woman.

6. Paper cuts are early found in tombs in the Northern and southern Dynasty.

7. The text introduce the history and uses of Chinese paper cuts.

Answers: 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T

Correct mistakes

1. Chinese paper cuts has long history.

2. Paper cuts are usually put on gates and windows for good luck.

3. Paper cuts are used for religious purposes are often found in temples.

4. These paper cuts are prepared for dead.

5. Before marrying with her , the farmer want to see her paper cuts.

Answers: 1. has后加 a 2.on改為up 3. 去掉are 4. dead前面加 the 5. 去掉with

Language points

1. marry vt.

marry somebody娶某人，嫁給某人

He promises if he marries her, he will make her happy.他許諾如果他娶了她,會讓她幸福。

be married to somebody與某人結婚一段時間

She has been married to her husband for ten years. 她已經和丈夫結婚十年了。

2. put up張貼，搭起（帳篷等）

put on 穿上, 上演，演出

put off推遲

Paper cuts are usually put up during festivals. 剪紙通常在節日期間粘貼。

Tom put on his coat and went out. 湯姆穿上衣服出去了。

We are putting the play on again next week, owing to its success.

由于演出的成功， 我們下星期再次上演這出戲。

Because of the bad weather, we have to put off the sports meeting next week.

由于天氣不好， 我們不得不把運動會推遲到下星期。

V. Grammar

Do the exercise 6,7, 8 and 9

By doing these exercise students will have a brief understanding of relative clauses

Do the exercise 11and 12

Key Points:

15. purpose n. 目的；計劃；意圖 plan; intention; what you are going to do

“What was the purpose of your journey to London?” “I wanted to see Buckingham Palace.”

“你去倫敦的目的是什么？”“我要去看白金漢宮。”

He went to the library with the purpose of finding a book about guns.

他去圖書的目的是找一本關于槍械的書。

for the purpose of

on purpose

16. relate to vt. 說；敘述 tell, give an account of

He related his adventure. 他講了他的奇遇。

He related the story to us at length. 他把這個故事詳細地講給我們聽了。

He related just how the accident had occurred. 他描述了這次事故是怎樣發生的。

We threshed out problems relating to production. 我們討論了有關生產的問題。

We think all these are closely related questions. 我們認為所有這些都是互相緊密聯系的問題。

vt. 關聯；有親屬關系 be in the same family

We have the same name but we’re not related. 我們是同姓，但沒有親戚關系。

I am related to your family. 我和你家有親戚關系。

vi. 相關；合適 have connection; fit in

Your words don’t relate well with the facts. 你的話與事實不相符。

He notices nothing but what relates to himself. 除了同他自己有關的事情之外，他什么也不注意。

relate to : 1) 與…有關；涉及 be in relationship with, have reference to

This paragraph relates to the October Revolution. 這一節內容是論述十月革命的。

2) 很好相處；適應 establish a social or sympathetic relationship with

She’s best at relating to people. 她最善于與人們相處。

be related to 與…有親屬關系，同一類型，物種

Are you related to Margaret? 你與瑪格麗特是一家人嗎？

Are you related to Alanis, the singer? 你與阿蘭妮斯,那個歌星有親屬關系嗎？

The Zebra is related to the horse. 斑馬和馬是同一物種。

17. try out

The director is trying out some actors for the new play. 導演為那個新戲正請幾位演員試演。

We won’t know if the plan is good till we have tried it out.

這個計劃在試行之前我們很難說是不是可行。

You ought to try out that radio before you buy it. 那部收音機你應該試了再買。

I’ll try it out and see whether it works. 我試試，看它是否有效。

I was also ready to try out paper-cutting for myself. 我還準備親自嘗試剪紙。

VI. Homework Do the exercise 10

Lesson 4 Dream Houses

Objectives

☆ To practise using the vocabulary of houses and rooms.

☆ To practise intensive reading and understanding the inferences in a text.

☆ To assess the difficulty of reading texts and comprehension exercises.

☆ To to practise the differences between American and English vocabulary.

☆ To plan and talk about a design for a study or bedroom.

☆ To listen to a description of a room and take notes.

Pre-Reading

Work in pairs. Discuss what your dream house would be like.

Use the Key Words to help you.

Example I’d like a big, modern flat in central Shanghai. It would have…

Key Words

houses: cottage, flat, house, palace, castle

rooms: bathroom, bedroom, dining room, sitting room, hall, games room, kitchen

Show some pictures of some kinds of houses and rooms.

Reading

Read the text quickly. Which of these things did the girl’s dream house have?

A swimming pool, a big garden (yard) with trees, a balcony, running water, a games room, three washrooms, “real” stairs, a basement

Answers:

A big garden(yard) with trees；Running water；three bathrooms(washrooms)；

“real” stairs；a basement.

Post-Reading

☆ Read the text again and answer these questions:

1) How many places has the girl lived in?

A lot/ She can’t remember.

2) Where did she live before Mango Street? Why did they leave?

A third floor on Loomis. They had to leave because the water pipes broke and the landlord wouldn’t fix them.

3) Why did the girl want at least three bathrooms?

So that, when she took a bath, she would’t have to tell everybody.

4) Who did Mama and Papa talk to about their dream house?

To the children.

5) What do you think was the biggest problem with the house on Mango Street?

Students give their own answers, with reasons.

☆ Read the text carefully, finish the multiple-choices.

1.How many places the writer lived are mentioned in the text?

A. one B. two C. six D. We don’t know the exact number.

2. Which of the following statements about the house on Mango street is TRUE?

A. We need to pay rent to landlord.

B. The house is not a wanted house at all.

C. We should share the garden with others.

D. We can’t make too much noise there.

3.A landlord is _________.

A. a businessman B. a piece of land

C. an owner of a house D. a cleaner

4.Why did they leave the flat on Loomis?

A. Because the house was too old.

B. Because water pipes broke and nobody would fix them.

C. Because we should share the washroom with others and carry water by ourselves.

D. All of the above.

5.Can you find out the words in the text to replace them: garden, repair, toilet?

A. yard, flat , pipe B. fence, fix, pipe C. gallon, fix, basement D. yard, fix, washroom

6. The passage is mainly about________.

A. the places where they lived before moved to Mango street.

B. the life on Mango street

C. a dream house and a real house on Mango street

D. the reasons why they moved to Mango street. Answers: 1 DBCDD, 6 C

Vocabulary

American and British words

☆ Find words in American English in the text which mean the same as these:

garden (line 8), to repair (line 12), toilet (line 13)

1 yard 2 to fix 3 washroom 4 basement

☆ Match the American words with the British ones (underlined) in the text below.

After the (1)holidays I moved into my new (2)flat. It’s not in the (3)centre of the city, but it’s near an (4)underground station. It’s on the (5)ground floor of an house. It’s got a living room, a kitchen and a bedroom. The only problem is the (6)lorry which goes past at 7 o’clock every morning to collect the (7)rubbish and which wakes me up!

1 vacation 2 apartment 3 downtown area 4 (a) subway 5 first floor 6 truck 7 garbage

Exercises

☆ How many of the objects below can you see in the photo of the room from Fallingwater House?

Key words

ceiling, walls, floor, door, window, French windows, curtains, chair, table, sofa, desk, bookshelves, bed, plants, lamp

Answers

ceiling; walls; floor; window; French window; fireplace; chair; table; sofa; plants.

☆ Work in pairs. Find out about your partner’s room.

Example

A: Where is the bed?

B: It’s in the bottom right hand corner. Next to it there’s a …

Do you like your partner’s room? Why or why not?

Writing

Write a passage to describe your own bedroom.

kind of furniture, position of furniture, colours (walls/ceiling/door/window)

Key Points

18. rent v. 租用；租入 to pay a sum of money for the use of property or goods

We don’t own our house, we rent it. 我們自己沒有房子，這是租來的。

n. 租金；租費 a sum of money paid for the use of property or goods

The rent for the apartment is $80 a month. 那套公寓的租金為每月八十美元。

19. mercy n.[U] 慈悲，寬恕 kindness, not punishing someone when you have the right or power to punish him

Have mercy on us! 可憐可憐我們吧。

The people’s enemies will be shown no mercy. 人民的敵人決不會得到寬恕。

They showed little mercy on their enemies. 他們對敵人不留情。

n.[C] 幸運，僥幸 blessing

We must be thankful for small mercies. 對小小的恩惠，我們也應當感恩。

That’s a mercy! 那真幸運！

20. bathe vt. 浸；洗；沖洗 wash a part of the body

He bathed his dirty hands. 他洗他的臟手。

Bathe your blistered finger in hot water. 把你那起皰的手指浸在熱水里吧。

I was bathed in sweat. 我汗流浹背。 She was bathed in tears. 她哭成了一個淚人。

vi. 在河或海里洗浴；游泳 swim or play in the sea, river, etc.

Let’s go bathing in the river. 我們到河里去洗澡吧。

n. （在海里、河里）洗澡 bathing in the sea, river, etc.

I went for a bathe this morning. 我今天上午洗海水澡（或游泳）去了。

bath n. 洗澡 washing the whole body

I have a bath every evening. 我每天晚上都洗澡。 John wants to take a bath, too. 約翰也想洗澡。

We love to take cold baths in winter. 我們喜愛在冬天洗冷水澡。

n. 淋浴 shower a solar bath 日光浴

n. 澡盆；浴缸 big basin where you sit to wash yourself

Amelia got into the bath. 阿米莉進了澡盆。 Clean out the bath. 請把澡盆清理干凈。

a wooden (large, etc.)bath 木（大）澡盆 a bath room 浴室 bath tub 澡盆

n. 洗澡水 the water, or water for a bath

His bath was too hot. 他的洗澡水太熱。 Her bath is ready. 她的洗澡水已準備好了。

vt. 給…洗澡 give a bath to

Mrs Lee is bathing the baby. 李太太正在給嬰兒洗澡。

Communication Workshop

21. conclude vt. 結束 to bring or come to an end

He concluded his speech with a slogan. 他用一句口號結束了演說。

The meeting was concluded with the college song. 會議在校歌聲中結束。

The meeting was concluded yesterday. 會議昨天結束了。

conclude by remarking that ... 結束時說……

fitly conclude one’s article 很適當地結束文章

vt. 推斷出；斷定 come to an idea after thinking

When he ran away from me, I concluded he was afraid. 當他從我這里跑掉時，我斷定他害怕了。

We concluded that the animal was dead as it did not move.

我們斷定這只野獸是死的，因為它一動也不動。

vt. 完成；締結 bring about as a result; complete

They concluded a treaty of peace. 他們締結了一個和平條約。

Peace has not yet been concluded. 和平（條約）尚未締結。

conclude a treaty with the country 與該國締結條約

conclude a treaty between the two countries 兩國間締結條約

conclude an agreement with sb. 與某人締結協議

vi. 終了；結尾 come to an end; end

The report concludes as follows. 報告結論如下。