Grammar and usage
Teaching aims:
Learn how to make an inversion and in what cases inversion is used.
Teaching Important and difficult point:
When and how to use an inversion.
Teaching procedures:
英語的正常語序是“主語 + 謂語”。 即主語在前，謂語在后。 有時有于句子結構的需要或表示強調，就要采去倒裝形式。將謂語動詞完全移到主語之前稱為完全倒裝；只將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放到主語之前，稱為部分倒裝。如：.
The teacher came in. (正常語序)
In came the teacher. ( 完全倒裝)
I have never seen a film so moving before. (正常語序)
Never before have I seen a film so moving.(部分倒裝)
倒裝結構通常用于下列情況：
㈠ 完全倒裝
1. 用于there be句型。
如：There are many students in the classroom.
2. 用于“here (there, now, then) +vi +主語”的句型中，或以out, in, up, down, away 等副詞開頭的句子，以示強調。
如：Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn. Out went the children.
請看試題：
①--can you tell me where my uncle is?
--Yes, of course,________.
A. here your uncle comes B. here comes your uncle.
C. comes your uncle here D. your uncle here comes
注意： 代詞作主語時，主謂語序不變。如：Here it is . In he comes.
請看試題：
② --Where is the report?
--________.
A. There is it B. There it is
C. There the report is D. Is there the report
3. 有時為了生動，或為了強調表語或狀語，或使句子平衡而倒裝。
如：
1) At the head of the queue was an old woman.
2) On the ground lay an old sick goat.
3) Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement.
4) Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
5) Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
請看試題： ③In each room _____.
A. are ten students B. ten students are C. ten students there are D. ten are students
4. 用于so, nor, neither開頭的句子，表示重復前句部分內容。原句的謂語應與前句謂語的時態(tài)、形式相一致。
如： He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
請看試題：
④ --I’d met Philip several times before. -- ________.
A. So did I B. So had I C. I did, either D. I met, also
⑤ --Are you going there with us? --If Mary wants to go, ______.
A. I also go B. so do I C. so I will D. so will I
⑥ --Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -- I don’t know, _____.
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also
注意：如果so 不含“也”的意思，即使打頭，也不倒裝。如：
---- It was cold yesterday. --- So it was.（天確實冷）
㈡ 部分倒裝
1. Only修飾的狀語提前時。
如： Only then did I begin to know her.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
請看試題：
④Only when he started to explain ____ the reason for this.
A. she realized B. did she realize C. she had realized D. had she realized
2. 某些表示否定意義的詞,如: never, hardly, seldom, little, few, at no time, by no means, nowhere, not a bit等在句首時。
如:
1) Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.
2) Never shall I forget it.
3) Hardly can I believe that.
請看試題：
⑦Little ___ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared
⑧Not for a moment ____ the truth of your story.
A. did he made B. he made C. did he make D. he makes
3. 當not only … but also, not until, no sooner… than, hardly… when 在句首時，要倒 裝。注意在這些句型中倒裝的位置。
not only… but also…句型中，前一個分句倒裝，后一個分句不倒裝。
如：
Not only was he forcing to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.
Not until … 句型中，復合句的前面從句不倒裝，后面的主句倒裝。
如：
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 。
No sooner … than…, hardly…when的句型中，后面從句不倒裝，前面主句倒裝。
如：
No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question. Hardly had I enter the army when I felt very proud.
請看試題：
⑨Not until his father was out of prison ____ to school.
A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go
⑩No sooner ____ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.
A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she fell D. did she fall
4. 以as 引導的讓步從句，謂語動詞以后的部分倒裝（提前到as 之前）。
如：
1) Fine as it is, I shall not go out.
2) Hard as he worked, he made little progress.
3) Child as he is, he knows a lot.
5. 省略了if的條件句中，were, had 或 should 可提前句首構成部分倒裝。
如：
Were I not so busy, I should go with you.
Had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
6. 在so…that（如此…以致于）句型中，若so…提前到句首構成部分倒裝。
如：
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.
7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
如：
1) May you succeed! 2) Long live China!
8. 用于疑問句。如： Do you speak English?