高中第二冊（下）
知識梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 engineering solar significant mankind likely economic zone hi-tech private overseas technological grasp master perfect arrange rely failure locate valley brand luggage achieve breakthrough impressive *agency supercomputer league distance balloon fiction servant whale hunter guest voyage abroad prisoner gentle matter *phenomena attention labour hesitate butcher curtain lip
詞組 set foot in rely on put forward through light upon
語法 構(gòu)詞法
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.likely
例句集錦
adj.
（1）Snow showers are likely in the next 24 hours.
未來的24小時(shí)內(nèi)可能有陣雪。
The likely cost of the operation is 20 000 American dollars.
這次手術(shù)的花費(fèi)可能得達(dá)兩萬美圓。
At likely story!可能有的事！（常為譏諷）
（2）He is likely to win.=It is likely that he will win.
他可能會(huì)贏。
It’s likely to be cold tonight.
今天晚上可能會(huì)變冷。
There is not likely to be much rain tomorrow.
明天不會(huì)有很多雨。
（3）a likely candidate極有可能當(dāng)選的候選人
Search all the most likely places first.
首先搜索所有最有可能躲藏的地方。
He is the most likely person for the job.
他是最適合那份工作的人。
adv.
Most likely it will be a woman.
很可能會(huì)是個(gè)女人。
He has most likely forgotten.
他很可能忘了。
He will very likely come by car.
他大概會(huì)開車來。
用法歸納
*likely可用作形容詞或副詞。主要有四個(gè)意項(xiàng)：有可能的;可能會(huì);適當(dāng)?shù)模淮蟾牛蛟S，很可能。
特別提示
likely指有發(fā)生的可能性，通常用于好事。如：He is likely to win.
2.locate
例句集錦
vt.
（1）We couldn’t locate the source of the radio signal.
我們無法確定無線電信號的來源。
If you locate her,tell me at once.
如果你找到她馬上告訴我。
（2）Where is the new university to be located?
新大學(xué)將設(shè)于何處？
They located their Asian office in Hong Kong.
他們的亞洲辦事處設(shè)在香港。
The business is located right in the center of town.
商店正好位于市中心。
vi. [美]定居（in）He is going to locate in California.
他打算在加州定居。
用法歸納
*locate用作動(dòng)詞主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)：找出……的位置；指出/確認(rèn)……的場所；設(shè)置（工廠、機(jī)關(guān)等）；位于及定居。
特別提示
locate當(dāng)“位于”講時(shí)，常與介詞in/by/near等搭配。
3.achieve
例句集錦
vt.
Women haven’t yet achieved full equality in the workplace.
在工作領(lǐng)域，婦女還沒有取得完全平等的地位。
China has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in the world this year.
中國今年已實(shí)現(xiàn)世界最高的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率。
He achieved nothing.他一事無成。
vi.
We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.
我們希望所有的學(xué)生在各自選擇的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)都能有所成就。
n.
Winning three gold medals is a remarkable achievement.
贏得3枚金牌是個(gè)了不起的成績。
You get a wonderful sense of achievement when you reach the top.
當(dāng)你到達(dá)頂部時(shí)，會(huì)有一種絕妙的成就感。
用法歸納
*achieve 用作動(dòng)詞，主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)：實(shí)現(xiàn);取得;達(dá)到、獲得成功等。其名詞形式為：achievement。有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)、完成；成績、成就”。
特別提示
achieve指達(dá)成有價(jià)值的或重要的事情，并暗示需克服困難或障礙。
4.matter
例句集錦
n.
（1）You do realize this is a serious matter,don’t you?
你確實(shí)意識到這是一件嚴(yán)重的事情，對吧？
That’s a matter of life and death.
那是生死攸關(guān)的問題。
a matter of greatest importance 極重要的事
（2）Take matters easy（seriously）.
對事情抱輕松（認(rèn)真）的態(tài)度。
let the matters drop（rest） 就此打住；把事情擱下
as matters stand=as the matter stands 照現(xiàn)狀來說
（3）Is anything the matter?
有什么事（問題）嗎？
What’s the matter with you?
你怎么了？
Nothing is the matter.沒什么事。
（4）The universe is composed of matter.
宇宙由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成。
v.
（1）-We have missed the train!
我們已經(jīng)誤車了。
-It doesn’t matter,there is another one in 10 minutes.
沒關(guān)系，10分鐘以后還有一趟。
Will it matter if I am a little late?
我晚來一會(huì)不要緊吧？
It doesn’t matter what you wear,as long as you look neat and tidy.
只要看起來干凈整潔，你穿什么都可以。
（2）It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.
其他人怎么看她對她來說極為重要。
All that matters（what matters） is that you are safe.
重要的是你的安全。
用法歸納
*matter可用作名詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)：（籠統(tǒng)）事情，事態(tài)，麻煩事；占有空間的物體或物質(zhì)；成為問題，關(guān)系重大等。可構(gòu)成如下詞組：
a matter of 有關(guān)……的問題；as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上；for that matter 關(guān)于那件事，就那件事而言；no matter what/which/who/where/when/why/how 無論什么/哪一個(gè)/什么人/什么地方/什么時(shí)候/為什么/怎么樣。
特別提示
matter用以指籠統(tǒng)情況時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要以it為主語，通常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句。
●重點(diǎn)短語
1.set foot in（on） 踏進(jìn)，造訪，進(jìn)入
例句集錦
I will never set foot in Tokyo again.
我再也不到東京去了。
She swore she would never set foot in his house ever again.
她發(fā)誓不再進(jìn)入他的房子。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）get/jump/rise to one’s feet站起/跳起身來
Mike jumped to his feet and ran towards the window.
邁克跳起來，向窗口跑去。
（2）on foot
①步行，徒步 Shall we go by bus or on foot?
我們搭公車還是步行？
②動(dòng)著；（事情）開始；（一步一步地）在進(jìn)行
set a plan on foot著手一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃
③on one’s feet 站著；（病）復(fù)元；自立
He was on his feet clapping loudly.
他站起來大聲地鼓掌。
You must help her get back on her feet.
你必須幫助她復(fù)元。
2.rely on/upon 信賴
例句集錦
We may rely on /upon his promise.
我們可以信賴他的諾言。
The man is not to be relied upon.
那個(gè)人不可靠。
I rely on you to help me.
我依賴你幫助我。
I rely on getting the money next week.
我相信下星期可以得到那筆錢。
特別提示
rely on /upon 之后若要接that從句，則在中間加it。如：
You can rely upon it that he will come.
你放心他會(huì)來的。
3.put forward 推舉、提出、提倡、促進(jìn)
例句集錦
We put him forward for the position of chairman.
我們推舉他當(dāng)主席。
He had no desire to put forward his plan.
他不想提出他的計(jì)劃。
Put a clock an hour forward.
將時(shí)鐘撥快一小時(shí)。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）put aside 放在一旁；擱置；儲蓄
He put aside his books.
他把他的書放在一旁。
I put aside 200 dollars every month.
我每月儲蓄200美圓。
（2）put away 收起來；（為將來而）儲蓄
I put away a little money away every month.
我每個(gè)月儲存一點(diǎn)錢。
Let me just put these files away.
讓我把這些文件收拾好。
（3）put through 順利完成，接通電話
The project has been put through successfully.
那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)大功告成。
Please put me through to Mr Brown.
請接布郎先生。
（4）put it敘述，表達(dá)
As Lucretius put it,“what is food to one man may be fierce to others.”
正如羅切斯所說：“對于一個(gè)人可能是美食的東西，對于其他人可能是毒藥。”
Long-term planning is a waste of time because -as Keynes put it -in the long term we餽e all dead.
長期規(guī)劃是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，因?yàn)檎鐒P恩斯所說，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，我們終有一死。
I want to say I love her,but I don’t know how to put it.
我想說我愛她，但我不知道要怎么開口。
To put it briefly,I don’t like you.
簡單地說，我不喜歡你。
Let me put it in another way.
讓我換個(gè)方式來說明。
4.in common共同（的），共有（的），公用（的）
例句集錦
They had a lot in common and got on well.
他們有許多共同處，所以相處得很好。
Tom’s parents have little in common in their manners.
湯姆父母的舉止極少有相似之處。
The two countries have a lot in common.
這兩個(gè)國家有許多共同之處。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）in common with...和……相同
In common with most educated young men he prefers classical music to jazz.
如同大多數(shù)受過教育的人一樣，他也喜歡古典音樂而不喜歡爵士樂。
In common with most young people,he likes playing computer games.
像多數(shù)年輕人一樣，他喜歡電腦游戲。
（2）out of（the） common 不平常的，非凡的
He is a poet quite out of common.
他是個(gè)非同尋常的詩人。
●必背句型
get+p.p.
教材原句
The center itself got started in the early 1980s.
那個(gè)中心在20世紀(jì)80年代早期開始啟動(dòng)。
特別提示
get+p.p.可表達(dá)兩種意義：（1）與形容詞性的過去分詞連用表示變成（某種狀態(tài)）。get tired變得疲倦；get bored變得厭煩；get drunk 喝醉；get married 結(jié)婚（2）被；受
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）He was getting more and more puzzled.
他愈來愈感到迷惑。
（2）He got caught in the rain.
他被雨淋了。
（3）They all got punished.
他們都受到了懲罰。
（4）They have got divorced.他們離婚了。
疑難突破
1.過去分詞和動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別：
過去分詞一般表示完成和被動(dòng)，而-ing形式往往表示進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)。
應(yīng)用
（1）The woman sat in the armchair______（watch）TV.
（2）The old man sat in bed______（surround）by his children.
（3）______（bury）deep down in the earth,the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
答案：（1）watching （2）surrounded （3）Buried
2.try to,try doing
try to意為“試，嘗試；試圖”，內(nèi)含一種“試圖……但并沒達(dá)到”之意。而try doing 意為試著做看有什么樣的結(jié)果。
應(yīng)用
（1）Don’t shout at him;he is only trying______（help）.
（2）I’m going to try______（cook）a paella this evening.
（3）I tried______（persuade）him and succeeded.
（4）I tried______（persuade）him but in vain.
答案：（1）to help （2）cooking （3）persuading （4）to persuade
3.work on,work at
work on 有三個(gè)意思： （1）研究，從事于……項(xiàng)目；（2）在……上工作；（3）對……產(chǎn)生影響;work at 意思為“用功于；從事于”。在表示此意思時(shí)，兩者的區(qū)別是：work on 帶有深入研究的含義。
應(yīng)用
（1）The headmaster might accept our suggestion if someone works______him.
（2）In the fields,a group of girls were working______tomato plants.
（3）He is working hard______maths.
（4）He is working______a maths problem.
（5）In order to get a doctor’s degree,he is working hard______Shakespear.
答案：（1）on （2）on （3）at （4）on （5）on
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全國卷Ⅰ，32）You can take anything from the shelf and read,but please______the books when you’ve finished with them.
A.put on B.put down C.put back D.put off
剖析：本題考查由put構(gòu)成的詞組,put back放回去;put on穿上，掛起來；put down放下，記下；put off表示延期，使（乘客）下車等。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年遼寧,26）Before the war broke out,many people______in safe places possessions they couldn’t take with them.
A.threw away B.put away C.gave D.carried away
剖析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語。戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前，人們會(huì)把帶不走的財(cái)產(chǎn)放在安全的地方。故此處填“把……收起來放好”，put away正是此意。throw away扔掉，放棄；gave away放棄、儲蓄；carry away帶走。這三項(xiàng)均不符合語境。
答案：B
【例3】 （2004年春季上海高考題）A fast food restaurant is the place ______,just as the name suggest,eating is performed quickly.
A.which B.where C.what D.there
剖析：where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作狀語。
答案：B