Unit 22
Useful expressions
1. let …in 讓…進(jìn)入
Open the window and let in some fresh air. 把窗戶打開，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。 The baby is afraid of the dog. Don’t let it in. 區(qū)分let out 放出, 發(fā)出, 瀉露: Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy. It was Tom who let out the secret.
2. have a test 參加測(cè)驗(yàn)
=take a test: We’ll have a test on irregular verbs tomorrow.
3. fall in love with 愛上某人
He fell in love with her at first sight. 與love相關(guān)的詞組：fall out of love with sb.不再愛了；be in love with… 與……相愛；They have been in love for 5 years. (注意fall in love 與be in love的區(qū)別)。復(fù)習(xí)與fall有關(guān)的詞組：fall ill; fall asleep; fall into the habit of….
4. make sure of 確信某事
make sure后可跟動(dòng)名詞doing 或加一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句: You'd better make sure of the time and place. 你最好把時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)弄清楚。Would you make sure of getting a ticket? 你能確保弄到一張票嗎? Can you make sure that you will succeed? 你能確保成功嗎? You should make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed.你在睡覺前，要確保所有的燈都關(guān)了。There aren't many left. you'd better make sure of one before they are all sold. 剩下不多了，你最好在賣完以前先定下一個(gè)。
5. suffer from 受…之苦
He is still suffering terribly from the injuries.他仍然深受傷痛折磨。Do you suffer from headaches? 你有頭痛的毛病嗎? suffer 還可用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“遭受（不愉快之事）”suffer pain / torture / defeat / losses 遭受痛苦/折磨/失敗/蒙受損失
6. set fire to sth 放火，使…著火
也可用set sth. on fire來表示: The waste paper should be set fire to. 這些廢紙應(yīng)當(dāng)燒掉。Who set fire to the house? 或 Who set the house on fire?
7. burn … to the ground 夷為平地
burn和set fire都是放火的意思，但是set fire to是強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)火, 放火的動(dòng)作, 而burn是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如：They set fire to the house, and it was burnt to the ground. 他們放火燒了房子, 房子被燒光了。to意思是“到，直到（狀態(tài)/程度）”, 類似的用法還有：burn / beat / starve … to death 燒/打/餓死: She sang the baby to sleep. 她唱歌哄嬰兒入睡。He tore the letter to pieces. 他把信撕碎了。
8. do wrong 做錯(cuò)事、做壞事
反義詞 do right。如：I felt I had done wrong. 我覺得做了錯(cuò)事。I hope you'll never do wrong. 我希望你永遠(yuǎn)別做壞事。You did quite right to accept the invitation. 你接受邀請(qǐng)是對(duì)的。
9. sentence … to death 宣判、判死刑
The man was sentenced to three years' imprisonment. 那個(gè)人被判了三年監(jiān)禁。He was sentenced to pay a fine of $1000. 他被判罰款一千美金。He was sentenced to death. 他被處以死刑。
10. do a good deed 做好事
I’m only trying to do a good deed. 我只是努力在做一件好事。It’s not easy for a person to do good deeds all his life. 一個(gè)人一輩子做好事是不容易的。
11. in peace 平靜地，安寧地
= peacefully: She is sleeping in peace. I just want to be left in peace. 我只是希望別打擾我。 peace的常見搭配形式: at peace (with) 與…和睦; hold one’s peace 保持緘默，忍住不說; keep the peace 維持治安; make peace 講和，和解。
12. in public 當(dāng)眾，公然
= publicly: He's not used to making speeches in public; it's so embarrassing. 他不習(xí)慣在大庭廣眾中演講,因?yàn)檫@太使人窘迫了。
Sentence patterns
1. The guards couldn't have been watching very carefully. 警衛(wèi)不可能一直認(rèn)真地查看。
表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè): might /could /must + 完成時(shí)，如: He could have swept the floor. 他可能已經(jīng)掃干凈地了。You must have been mad to speak to the servant! She might have called for help. 你準(zhǔn)是瘋了，竟跟這個(gè)仆人說話。她可能會(huì)大喊救命的。It must have been very interesting! 那肯定很有趣！You were so stupid to try climbing the tree; you might have killed yourself. 你想爬那棵樹真是愚蠢，你可能會(huì)被摔死的。否定句常用couldn’t: It couldn't have been raining all night yesterday.
2. You might both have been caught and killed! 你們倆可能給抓住殺了。
might后面跟不定式的被動(dòng)完成式，是一種虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I might have been trapped in the fire if I had not run away fast enough.如果我不是跑得快，也許早就身陷大火之中了。(事實(shí)上，我是安然無恙。) It was really dangerous for you to try to swimming in the river. You might have been eaten by the fish.在那條河里游泳真是危險(xiǎn)，你可能被魚吃了。
3. They had come from England, having heard the strange news that Dr Manette, Lucie's father, was alive and was living in Paris. 他們從英國來是因?yàn)槁牭揭粋�(gè)奇怪的消息--露西的父親曼奈特醫(yī)生仍然活著，而且還住在巴黎。
Having + 過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在位于動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。如: Having broken his glasses, he couldn't read the newspaper. 由于把眼鏡打碎了，他無法看報(bào)紙。Not having seem him for many years, I did not recognized him at first.由于多年沒見過面，一開始我沒有認(rèn)出他來。Having finished her shopping, she went home.
Language tips
1. It was not yet light, so it was easy to stay hidden. 天還沒亮，所以很容易隱蔽。
light作形容詞，指“明亮的，光亮的”: It was not yet light. 天還沒有亮。light還表示“重量輕的” “淺色的，淡色的”: The coat is very light but warm. 大衣很輕但是很暖和。I took some light reading for the train journey. 我?guī)Я诵┹p松的讀物乘火車消遣。 Light colors suits you best. 淺色的衣服最適合你。
2. Defarge was pleased at their arrival. 對(duì)于他們的到來，德法奇很高興。
pleased常和一些介詞at、with、about等搭配使用: I'm really pleased with his work. I was pleased at finding him so well.看到他那么健康, 我很高興。 She is pleased about her son's scholarship. 她很高興兒子獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。 pleased后還可跟to do：I'm very pleased to hear the news.
3. All day long he worked at making shoes, as he had done in prison. 他像在監(jiān)獄里那樣，整天專心致志地縫制鞋子。
work at表示努力于…、致力于…、努力對(duì)付……等如: She is working at mathematics. 她在研究（攻讀）數(shù)學(xué)。The government is working hard at improving the living conditions of the teachers. 政府正在下大力氣來改善教師的生活條件。
4. Dr Manette had been put in prison for no good reason. 曼奈特醫(yī)生被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄并沒有什么正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛伞?/p>
for this reason因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因; for the reason of health由于健康原因; for some reason或者for a certain reason由于某種原因; for no reason 不因?yàn)槭裁? for no good reason 沒有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛桑瑳]有合適的理由, 如：Don't punish children for no good reason.不要莫名其妙地懲罰孩子。My eyes were filled with tears for no reason. 我的眼睛無緣無故地充滿了淚水。
5. One day he had been called out to attend a young peasant and his sister. 有一天他被叫去出診，給一個(gè)年輕的農(nóng)民和他的姐姐看病。
attend 在這里是“照料、看護(hù)”的意思：attend a patient看護(hù)一個(gè)病人。attend 常表示“參加、出席”：attend a meeting出席會(huì)議; attend the class 上課; He attends the church regularly.他總是按時(shí)上教堂。
6. Dr Manette had been put in prison so that he would keep silent over this matter. 曼奈特醫(yī)生被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄，使他無法把這件事張揚(yáng)出去。
keep silent over sth. 或 keep silent on sth. 對(duì)某事保持緘默。注意 silent和still, quiet 的區(qū)別: silent是表示完全安靜, 沒有聲音; still是強(qiáng)調(diào)一種沒有聲音、沒有動(dòng)作的狀態(tài), quiet則是表示沒有聲音、沒有動(dòng)作的安靜。跟在silent后面的介詞有: on, over和about, 例如: He was silent about the plan. 他閉口不談那個(gè)計(jì)劃。History is silent on this event. 關(guān)于這件事，歷史上沒有記錄。
7. Although Lucie married Charles, Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness. 雖然露西嫁給了查爾斯，但是悉尼還是對(duì)露西許下諾言，說為了確保她生活幸福，他愿意永遠(yuǎn)為她做一切可能做的事。
promise作動(dòng)詞，后可加不定式: promise (sb.) to do sth.；還可加從句: promise (sb.) that…詞組有make a promise發(fā)誓; keep the promise守諾; break the promise失信于人
8. However, an English spy told the Defarges in Paris that the nephew of the old Marquis was living in England under an English name. 可是，有位英國間諜告訴了住在巴黎的德法奇夫婦，說老侯爵的侄兒用了一個(gè)英國名字住在英國。
under the name of… 以……之名、自稱: under an English name以一個(gè)英國名字。區(qū)分in the name of 代表…、以…的名字: He attended the party in the name of his father. 他以他父親的名義參加聚會(huì)。in one's own name 以自己的名義，獨(dú)立的: Apply in your own name! 用你自己的名字申請(qǐng)。
9. The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country, having lived such a hard life for so long, took up their guns and knives and began to kill the rich nobles. 城市貧民和鄉(xiāng)村里的農(nóng)民由于長期以來過著非常艱苦的生活，拿起刀槍開始?xì)⑵鸶挥械馁F族來了。
live a life 過某種生活, live和life是共同的詞源，我們一般把這種詞叫做動(dòng)詞和它的同源賓語，同源賓語一般都帶有一個(gè)定語，這個(gè)定語在概念上起著狀語的作用：He died a heroic death.= He died heroically. 他英勇地犧牲了。She dreamt a sweet dream.= She dreamt sweetly. They lived a happy life.= They lived happily. She smiled a bitter smile.= She smiled bitterly. 她苦笑了一下。
10. Some time later, Charles Darnay found at a bank in London a letter from France addressed to him不久以后，查爾斯達(dá)尼在倫敦一家銀行發(fā)現(xiàn)一封法國來信，信是寫給他的
address常用做名詞: What's your E-mail address？你的電子郵箱的地址是什么。在這里address做動(dòng)詞, 如：The letter is wrongly addressed. 這封信的地址寫錯(cuò)了。This package is not addressed to me. 這個(gè)包裹不是寄給我的。
11.On reading it, he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison, through no fault of his own. 看了信，他得知他法國家中的一個(gè)仆人無辜地被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。
介詞on/upon作“在……時(shí)”解釋時(shí)，后面跟-ing形式的動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)用as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生。如：On reaching Paris, they called at the wine shop in the poor district. 一到巴黎，他們立即就到窮人區(qū)的那家酒店去了。On arriving at the station, he found his wife waiting to meet him. on/upon 后還可跟名詞: Upon his return from Beijing, he began his research work. 他一從北京回來，就立即開始他的研究工作。
12. Meanwhile, Sydney, who had taken the place of his friend Charles, had his head cut off. 與此同時(shí)，代替他的朋友查爾斯坐牢的悉尼卻遭到了殺頭之禍。
take the place of 是代理、代替的意思: Electric trains have now taken the place of steam ones. No-one could take the place of her mother.
13. His final thoughts were: "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known." 他臨終前的想法是：“我所做的，是我所做過的最好、最最好的事情；我所得到的，是我知道的最安祥、最最安祥的休息。”
掌握名詞thought的用法: Please don't give much thought to what she said. 不要在乎她說什么。What are your thoughts on this subject? 你對(duì)這件事的想法是什么？You are always in my thoughts. 我總是思念著你。She always keeps her thoughts to herself.她總是不肯把自己的想法告訴別人。She had no thought that anything was wrong. 她不知道出了什么亂子。
Grammar
一般式主動(dòng)語態(tài) writing
一般式被動(dòng)語態(tài) being written
完成式主動(dòng)語態(tài) having written
完成式被動(dòng)語態(tài) having been written
1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking.
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.
2) 一般式被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作:
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
3)否定式：not + -ing
Not having received her letter, Tom decided to write again.
Language record
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
Useful Expressions:
1．在窮人區(qū) 2．……之前不久
3．精神失常 4．心安
5．逐漸康復(fù) 6．慘遭虐待
7．負(fù)擔(dān)重稅 8．忍饑挨餓
9．放棄財(cái)產(chǎn) 10．夷為平地
Sentences:
1．這兩兄弟罪孽深重，被判了死刑。
2．那個(gè)仆人無辜被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
3．他們殺害了他，使他無法將這事張揚(yáng)出去。
4．醫(yī)生被叫去出診。
5．他父母在銀行存了一筆錢作為他的教育費(fèi)用。
6．他遭殺頭之禍。
7．他正等在廚房門口，這時(shí)一個(gè)人出來拿柴。