一 定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。漢語中常用‘……的’表示。 定語主要由形容詞擔(dān)任。此外名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）、分詞也可以做定語。
a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：漢語的定語無論多長都放在被修飾詞的前面，而英語中的定語則不然，是一個(gè)詞時(shí)，放在被修飾詞的前面， 若是兩個(gè)以上的詞組、短語或從句則放在被修飾詞的后面，
thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from America
Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.
falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool
He is the man who you are looking for.
二：定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語
1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。
2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why.
1. I have an apple. An apple is red.
I have an apple that/which is red. ↑ ↑
先行詞 關(guān)系代詞
2.I like some friends. Some friends like sports.
I like friends who like sports.
↑ ↑
先行詞 關(guān)系代詞
3.I like music. The music is quiet.
I like music that/which is quiet.
↑ ↑
先行詞 關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1．who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2．whom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中常可用who 來代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 。
4．That 即可指人，也可指物.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.
5．Whose 即可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況
1．當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
All that can be done has been done. 。
There is little that I can do for you.
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.
注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.
2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4．當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
5．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與物時(shí)。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school
（三）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1． when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞，比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定語從句中缺時(shí)間狀語時(shí)用when. 若先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞，定語從句中缺主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which引導(dǎo)。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
The time when we got together finally arrived.
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandpare？Do you remember the days（that/which） we spent together last year? I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
2． where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。若先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的名詞，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定語從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)用where. 若先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的名詞，定語從句中缺主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which引導(dǎo)。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . Shanghai is the city (which/that) I want to visit.
I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
3． why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。若先行詞是reason; 且定語從句中缺原因狀語時(shí)，用why引導(dǎo)。若先行詞是reason，定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用which/that引導(dǎo)。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me
注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.
（四）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
注意：１． 含有介詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)
This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （誤）
２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (誤)
３．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 注意事項(xiàng):如何判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞
方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。
例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(cuò)（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）
（錯(cuò)） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（錯(cuò)） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（對） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。
（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句
形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。
意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。
譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的”
關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．作賓語時(shí)可省略 B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom
非限制性定語從句
形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。
意義上：只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。
譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。
關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom
限制性定語從句舉例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history.
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句
as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)， 其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：
1. as 和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：
He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。
He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很誠實(shí)， 這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來。
2. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.
1. 當(dāng)先行詞受such, so, the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。 如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
He is not such a fool as he looks.
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.
注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
(三) 以the way為先行詞時(shí)，若定語從句中缺方式狀語，定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且還可以省略。若定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用（that/which）引導(dǎo)定語從句。
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. I don’t like the way (that/which) he told me.
做定語從句題一般分三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。
Exercises:
1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.
A the smallest of which B the smaller of which
C the smallest of them D the smallest one
2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished.
A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time
3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.
A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which
4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught before lived a happy life.
A who B whose C in whose D in which
5.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow.
A whose B of which C it's D that
6.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.
A what B that C which D this
7.1)I have three children,and two of _____ are doctors.
2)I have three children, two of ____ are doctors.
8.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.
A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds
9.I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.
A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which
（1---6ABDCBC 7----9B DDC）
特殊結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句點(diǎn)擊
1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
2. I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.
A. as B. that C. of which D. about which
3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
7. This is the first time ________ he has been here.
A. that B. when C. at which D. which
8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
答案與簡析：
1. B。當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，定語從句用as引導(dǎo)，即構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)為"such+（a/an）＋形容詞＋名詞＋as"引導(dǎo)的定語從句，意為"......像......一樣的"。整個(gè)句子意為：這些房屋以人們原來估計(jì)的那樣低的價(jià)格出售。
2. A。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as在定語從句中作賓語。整句意為：我從未聽說過像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。
3. A
4. C。當(dāng)先行詞被same修飾時(shí)，定語從句由that或as引導(dǎo)，但意思不同。用that引導(dǎo)定語從句指同一物，而用as引導(dǎo)定語從句指同類事物。
5. A。做此題的關(guān)鍵是要知道I think在定語從句中作插入語，做題時(shí)將其去掉便可容易得到答案。
6. B。Ａs在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代表它所修飾的整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，并且它可放在所修飾句子的前、中或后面。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情況經(jīng)常是這樣）等。如選Ａ，則需將逗號(hào)改為that；如選D，則需將逗號(hào)改為is that。
7. A。當(dāng)先行詞為the first time, the last time等時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that而不用when。
8. A。當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或in which, 也可省略。
定語從句
1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year .
A. where B. which C. in which D. that
2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ?
A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .
A. whose B.its C. which D. which of
4.The man ____has arrived .
A. whom I told you B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about
5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?
A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that
6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .
A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where
7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class .
A. who B. that C. what D. where
9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai .
A. who B. that C. when D. which
10.The school ___I study is a new one .
A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which
11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .
A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which
12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .
A. what B. where C. that D. which
13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .
A. which B. his C. that D. whose
14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?
A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom
15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .
A. that B. when C. which D. what
16. I told you ____I know .
A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom
17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .
A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them
18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?
A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one
19. Who is the man ____was there ?
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?
A. that B. which C. whose D. who
21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .
A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which
22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which
23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult .
A. in which B. which C. it D. who
24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
歷屆高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題定語從句精選
26.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose
27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
28.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom
29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it
30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A.which B.where C.that D.when
31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.
A. it B.that C.when D.which
32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A.which price C.the price of which
C.its price D.the price of whose
34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A.As B.It C.That D.Which
35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A.this B.which C.that D.same
36.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
A.whose B.of which C.which D.its
37.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A.what B.which C.that D.when
38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A.that B.where C.which D.there
39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose
40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which
41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A.It’s the reason B.That’s why
C.There’s why D.It’s how
42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is B.which I think it is
C.which I think it D.I think which is
定語從句答案:
1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA
KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB 31-35 DBCAB 36-40 ABBCA 41-42 BA