Part One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教學設計)
Period 1: A lesson plan for reading
(AN INTERVIEW)
Aims
To talk about the history of the Olympics games
To read an interview about the Olympic Games
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by sharing
Morning, everyone! Today we are going to learn about THE OLYMPIC GAMES. But first, I’d like to know how much you know about the Olympics to be held in Beijing. Anything about it is ok. Oh, Li Lei, do you want a try?…Right. You know so much about the Olympics. Toady, we’ll learn more about it in ancient Greece.
Warming up by describing
Now, boys and girls. I’ll show you a video show of the 28th Olympic Games. Please tell me what it is about and describe it to the class. Ok, Wang Lin, please describe it. Wonderful. That’s Liu Xiang. The hurdle king!
Warming up by discussing
Hi, class. You know our country is trying her best to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games. Every one is expecting and excited about it. Let’s discuss what we can do for it. And imagine what we will do at the 2008 Olympics.
II. Pre-reading
1. Asking and answering
Now, please read the three questions before the Reading. Let’s do it in turn. Let’s begin from the first row here…ok, you did a good job. Let’s summarize your answers.
For reference:
1. In Summer Olympics, there are running, swimming, shooting, wrestling, jumping, football, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, throwing, Javelin, weight lifting, gymnastics, boxing etc.
In winter Olympics, there are skiing skating, ice hockey, ski jumping, sledding, snowboarding etc.
2. The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing on Auguster 18th, 2008.
3. To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country. And it can make a country known in the world. It can stimulate the country’s economy, and help to speed up its development.
2. Imaging and introducing
Please look at the three pictures in the reading. Please talk about them. Imagine whatever you can.
For reference: The first picture is the status of a great Greek. His name is Pausanias. He was a famous traveler and writer in the second century AD. His Guide to Greece is an extremely comprehensive guidebook for tourists, concentrating on buildings, tombs and status and including a lot of information on the mythological, religious and historical background to the monuments described. It is so informative that it may be called the foundation of classical archaeology and this ancient Baedeker is still used as a guide to classical Greece. Can you remember a famous ancient Chinese traveler and writer? He also wrote a book. Yes, his name is Xu Shake. His works is The Notes of Xu Shake’s travels.
The second picture is the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. Maybe this is the principle stadium. It’s large and can hold thousands of audience.
The third picture is a Chinese athlete named Yang Yang. She won a gold medal for China in the 2002 winter Olympic Games. She is a famous skating player.
3. Talking and Sharing
We know there are many differences and similarities about the ancient and modern Olympics. Do you know anything about them? You can simply guess. Yes, Lucy, try …
III. Reading
1. Reading aloud to the recording and finding the general idea
Now please listen and read aloud to the recording of the text AN INTERVIEW. Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation as well as the pauses within each sentence. Then try to get the general idea of the passage. Have you got the main idea?
Yes, it tells us the differences and the similarities between the ancient and modern Olympics.
2. Reading and acting
Now let’s play the parts of the Greek writer Pausanias and the Chinese girl Li Li. Now boys, you are Pausanias; girls, you are Li Li. Please pay attention to the bold words.
3. Reading and finding
Now read the text again. The boys shall try to finish the task: What was the ancient Olympics like? The girls shall try to finish the task: What is the modern Olympics like?
4. Reading and collecting information
Ok, now let’s read it silently. First let’s talk about the same points between the ancient and modern Olympics. Who can answer? Any volunteers?
Then let’s come to the differences.
The similarities
① Both are held every four years.
② Both are held not for money but for honour.
③ The beliefs are the same. They are: Swifter, Higher, and stronger.
④ Men are allowed to take part both in ancient and modern Olympics.
⑤ Some events are the same, such as running, jumping, shooting and thowing.
The Differences
① There were not winter Olympics in the past.
② Now competitors are from all over the world. But in the ancient time, only the people in Greece could take part.
③ Only men were allowed to take part in the past, now woman are also allowed.
④ In the past, winners got the olive wreath as the prize. Now competitors compete for medals.
⑤ The events and athletes in modern time are more than those in the past.
⑥ There is a special village for the competitors to live in, a stadium for competitions, a gymnasium for these who watch the games now. But there were not in the past.)
5. Reading and underlining
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from AN INTERVIEW
take part in…, gold medals, the spirit of…, be held, in order to, host the Olympic Games, on a magical journey, find out, the present day Olympic Games, used to, write about…, come to your time, be admitted as…, two sets of…, enjoy competing in…, compete against…, for the honour of…, reach the standard, be admitted to…, play a very important role, as well as, a stadium for competitions, as a matter of fact, compete for…, olive wreath, feel proud of…, make… happy
Ⅳ Closing down
Closing down by doing exercise
To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 1 & 2.
Closing down by discussing
You know our government has tried its best to compete for hosting the 29th Olympic Games. It has cost a lot of money. Do you think it is worthwhile? Why?
For reference:
It is worthwhile to host the Olympic Games. To host Olympic Games can make our country known to the whole world. To host Olympic Games can make our culture and people understood by the other peoples. To host Olympic Games can stimulate the developing of our economy.
Closing by imagining
Imagine what we will do and what we can do for the 29th Olympic Games now.
For reference: Maybe we can serve as volunteers to help the foreign visitors and athletes from all over the world. So at present we should study hard. Especially we should try our best to learn English well.
Closing down by narrating
We can see the text is written in a conversational style. And there are two speakers. One is Pausanias, a Greek writer 2000 years ago, the other is Li Li, a Chinese girl. Now let’s change it into a narrative style. In other words, let’s describe the ancient and modern Olympic Games in our own words. Who would like to have a try?
For reference: The ancient Olympic Games began in Greece and were held from 776 B.C. to A.D.393. It was held every four years. At that time, there were not so many sports as today. And women were not allowed to take part in the games. There were not Winter Olympics at that time. Winners got the olive wreath as the prize. The motto was swifter, higher and stronger.
The modern Olympic Games began in 1891. They’re held every four years. There are many new sports in the Olympics. In the summer Olympics there are over 250 different sports. Women are not only allowed to join in but also play a very important role. Now the competitors compete for medals. The motto is swifter, higher and stronger.
Closing down by summarizing
As we have finished the passage we’ll sum up what we have learned. First let’s see the writing skills. It is written in a conversational style. It’s in a very interesting way. It adopts a dialogue between Pausanias who lived 2000 years ago and a Chinese gird in modern world. Through their dialogue, the differences and similarities between the ancient and modern Olympic Games are made known to the readers. Just because it is in a conversational style, there are quite a few oral spoken English and elliptical phrases.
Through the comparison between the ancient and modern Olympic Games, we have learned the differences and the similarities between them. Now we can have a deep understanding of the Games. From the passage, we can have a deep understanding of the Games. From the passage, we can also get to know that the Olympic Games are developing and improving. It’s our duty to make the Olympic Games better and healthier. We know that one of the slogans for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is Green Olympic Games. It shows that people are paying more and more attention to our environment.
Period 2: A lesson plan for Learning about Language
(The Future Passive Voice)
Aims：
To learn about future passive voice
To discover useful words and expressions
To learn the methods of words formation
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by dictating
There are several important sentences in this unit. Let’s dictate them. If you can’t, learn them by heart after class.
① When and where will the next Olympic Games be held?
② I live in what you call “Ancient Greece” and / used to write about the Olympic Games more than 2000 years ago.
③ All countries can take part if they reach the standard to be admitted to the games.
④ The next Olympic Games will be held in my hometown.
⑤ It is just as much a competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win an Olympic medal.
Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions
Turn to page 11 and do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 5 first. Check your answers against your classmates’.
II. Learning about word formation
1. Do exercise 4 and discover the rules.
Turn to page 12 and find out the rules of word formation.
By adding -ing to a verb, we can change the verb into a noun.
That means we can change “doing some sport” into “the name of the sport”.
By adding -er to a verb, we can change the verb into a noun. That means we can change “doing some sport” into “the person who does the sport”.
2. Means of word-formation in general
Affixation, conversion, and composition (or compounding) are the chief means of word-formation in English. Besides these, there are also other minor ways of word-formation including clipping, acronymy, blending etc.
III. Learning about Present Future Passive Voice
Turn to page 13 and do exercise 3. And tell the class the formation of present future passive voice.
For reference: Well done, class. We can follow the following formlation to turn the future tenses into future passive voice; be going to be done, be about to be done, be to be done, will / shall be done, would / should be done.
Ⅳ Closing down by summarizing
1.Present future passive voice (take “ask” for example)
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I
You
He/she/it will be asked
We will (shall)
You/They will I
You
He/she/it will not be asked
We will (shall) not
You / They will not Will (shall) I
Will you
Will he/she/it be asked
Will (shall) we
Will you / they
2.The passive Voice of phrasal verb
Generally speaking, only transitive verbs can form the passive voice, for only transitive verbs can be followed by objects. But many intransitive verbs together with some prepositions and adverbs can be used as transitive verbs. So they can also be followed by the objects. Therefore they can also be used in passive voice.
But note that all the phrasal verbs are used as a whole. When using them in passive voice, we cannot drop out the prepositions and adverbs. For examples:
At last they put out the fire. At last the fire was put out.
They will put up a notice on the wall. A notice will be put up on the wall.
Have you sent for a doctor? Has the doctor been sent for?
I have never heard of such a thing before. Such a thing has never been heard of before.
We must take good care of the children here. The children must be taken good care of here.
His classmates laughed at him for the foolish mistake. He was laughed at for the foolish mistake by his classmates.
Period 3: A lesson plan for using language
Aims:
To read about the ancient Olympic Games
To listen and talk about hobbies
To write about hobbies
Procedures
1. Warming up
Warming up by introducing
Hi! Class. You know Greece is the world-known country with an ancient civilization. It has a long history with so much marvelous culture. The Greeks had wonderful stories about the Gods and Goddnesses who were part of their religion. They believed that these god or goddesses would help humans if they felt sorry for them or if the humans were good people. However, the Gods did not always help. They behaved like people who were unpredictable and capricious. To try to get the support of the Gods people had to pray to them and offer them present. In this story the Goddess Hera, the wife of the chief God, Zeus was sorry for Hippomenes and agreed to help him.
Warming up by sharing
Now, boys and girls. Is there anybody who can tell us some Greek mythology. You know they are so famous in human history. Or can you speak out some names of Greek Gods and Goddesses.
Prometeus 普羅米修斯 -- a son of the former chief God
Sphinx斯芬克斯 -- a being with a human face but a lion body
Pandora 潘多拉-- a beautiful girl with every ill and evil thought and deed
Zeus宙斯-- the chief God who governed the world
Hera 天后-- the wife of Zeus who governed the love
Ⅱ. Guided reading
1. Reading and judging
Read the text THE STORY OF ATLANTA, and complete the True or False guestions after the text on page14.
2. Reading and answering
Read the text again, and answer the following questions.
A. What was Atlanta’s problem?
B. What were Atlanta’s rules?
C. What was Hippomenes’ amazement?
D. What made Hippomenes change his mind?
E. Whom did Hippomenes turn to for help?
F. Can you guess what was the ending?
For reference:
A. Atlanta could run faster than any men in Greece. But she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games.
B. She promised to be married to a man who could run faster than her. If he could not run as fast as her, he would be killed.
C. Hipppomenes could not understand why so many young men wanted to risk their lives.
D. Atlanta’s beauty made him understand his amazement and change his mind.
E. He turned to the Goddess of love for help.
F. Hippomenes was killed because of losing his race.
G. He ran faster than Atlanta and married her.
3. Reading and underlining
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from THE STORY OF ATLANA
be allowed to, run against…, will be pardoned, hear of…,be amazed, as fast as…, change one’s mind, ask… for help from…,
promise to, will be relaxed, pick up, be confident about…,share one’s pain, run past…,compete with…, cheap to marry
4. Listening
For listening turn to page 15 and be ready to do exercises 1.
First read the questions carefully and imagine what is the listening about.
When doing exercise 2, you must make clear what is wrong with the sentence. And tell the class which is correct, which is wrong and which is only half true.
5. Acting
Next we are going to put the text A STORY OF ATLANTA on stage. You know there are four charactors in the story. Who would like to be them?
Who will be Alanta’s father, the old king?
Who will be the Goddess of Love?
Ok. Li Li, you are the Greek princess. Zhang Qiang, you are the brave young man Hippomenes. Lucy, you are the Goddess of Love. Zhou Gang, you are the princess’s father. The rest of class, please prepare it in groups of four. Then act your play before class.
A text play of THE STORY OF ATIANTA
Time: one morning in spring
Place: at the palace
People: the old king(K), the princess (A), the young man (H), the Goddess of love (L).
F: My dear daughter, you see how beautiful the spring is! You are just like the spring flowers. Why don’t you marry? So many young kings and princess want to marry you, and they are all so rich, smart and nice.
A: Oh, dear father. I have promised that I will only be married to a man who can run faster than me. I will run against him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed. No one will be pardoned.
F: But, my dear daughter. No man has won you. They all sent themselves to death. When will you get married?
A: I won’t marry unless I am allowed to run in the Olympic Games. (Hippomenes is allowed to come in)
H: Oh, my kindest king and my prettiest princess!
I’ll marry the princess. I’ll compete with you.
A: Do you know the rules?
H: Yes, princess!
F: Oh, young man! Go away! You can’t win her. You are only losing your life!
H: No, I want a try!
F: Foolish thing! Go away! Don’t go to die! (Hippomenes was pushed away and felt sad, crying. The Goddess of Love is watching everything above him in the sky and pities him)
L: Oh, young man, what’s the matter? Why are you so sad?
H: Oh, my Goddess, can you help me? Can you help me to win the princess and marry her?
L: Ok, young man. Do you really want to marry her and love her?
H: Of course. She is so beautiful.
L: Ok, it is easy. Take these three golden apples.
Throw apples in front of Atlanta when she is running past and she will be relaxed. When she stops to pick it up, you will be able to run on and win.
H: Oh, thank you, my Goddess!
(Hippomenes returns to the palace)
K: Well, young man, why are you here again?
H: My kindest king. I want to marry her and run against her!
K: Well, young man. I repeat. Don’t be silly! Go away!
H: No. I love her. I will marry her － or die!
6. Speaking
Now, class. Let’s carry out a survey of the interests in the class and write down the names of the classmates who have the same interests. You can carry out the task like this.
Which do you like, sport, music or collection?
Which of the sports do you like best?
What is your favorite sport?
Are you interested in table tennis?
After the survey, the ones who have the same interests sit together and please work in groups of four to talk about their interest.
Why do you like this sport / music / collection?
When do you begin to like it?
What’s enjoyable about the hobby?
What have you learned from the hobby?
III.Guided writing
1. Writing an imagined dialogue
Groups 1 and 2 are going to write an imagined dialogue between the princess and Hippomenes. You may begin like this : Oh, my dear princess, I want to marry you…
2. Writing a description
Turn to page 16 and follow the direction to write a description of your favorite hobby.
Here is an example:
Swimming is my favorite sport. I like it because it can bring me much fun. The process of learning swimming is very interesting. You can try different ways of swimming, such as breaststroke and backstroke. You can swim at any time of the year if you like. In hot summer, if you jump into the river or the sea to have a swim, you’ll feel cool and comfortable. Even in cold winter, you can swim if you are brave enough. It’s a healthy sport and it can build up your body. If you are a beginner, you must be careful.
You’ll better not swim alone and bring life buoy with you in case of danger. If you want to be a good swimmer, you must have a lot of practice and have great determination.
IV. Closing down by finding information
Go to the library to read or get online to search in order to find more information on the Olympic Games and the ancient Greek mythology. Take notes of your finding and report to your groupmates next Monday morning.
Part Two: Teaching Resources
Section 1: The writing style of the reading AN INTERVIEW
Type of writing Conversational style
Main idea Comparing the differences between Ancient and Modern Olympics
Characteristics By comparing and contrasting
Section 2: Background information on the Olympic Games
I. Events of the Moden Olympic Games
Archery, Baseball, Badminton, Basketball, Beach, Volleyball, Boxing, Canoe/Kayak, Cycling, Diving, Equestrian, Fencing, Field Hockey, Gymnastics, Handball, Judo, Modern Pentathlon, Rowing, Sailing, Shooting, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Synchronized Swimming, Table Tennis, Tennis, Tae kwon do, Track & Field, Triathlon, Volleyball, Water Polo, Weightlifting, Wrestling
II.Olympic Traditions
The Olympic Anthem
The Olympic anthem was written by the Greek national poet Costis Palamas and composed by Greek musician Splros Samaras. It was first sung at the 1896 Games. The IOC adopted it as the official Olympic anthem to crown olympic ceremonies at the 1958 IOC Session in Tokyo.
The Olympic Motto
The Olympic motto “swifter, higher, stronger”comes from three Latin words”citus, altius, fortius”, which actually mean”faster, higher, braver”. The French educator, Baron Rerre de Coubertin, who revived the ancient Olympic Games and in 1896 led the first modern 01ympic Games in Athens, borrowed the phrase from a Dominican priest Henri Dinon. Mr.Dinon introduced these words while presenting athletic prizes at a college in 1891.But how did these words become the motto of the Olympic Games? It was Michel Breal who introduced this phrase at the closing dinner of the congress for the reestablishment of the modern Olympic Games on June 23,1894.Later, the International Olympic Committee formally adopted this phrase as the official motto of the Games.
The Olympic Creed
The Olympic creed was also introduced at the 1896 Games. As stated by Pierre de Coubertin, the creed is as follows:”The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”
The Olympic Flag
It was Pierre de Coubertin who conceived the idea of the Olympic flag with five coloured interlocking rings on a white backround. The rings represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes from all around the world at the Olympic Games.
Today, almost a century after the flag’s creation, the six colours, those of the rings (blue, yellow, black, green, red) and that of the white background which stands for peace, still maintain their symbolism and can be found in flags across the world. The Olympic flag was first used during the Antwerp Games in 1920.
The Olympic Oath
“In the name of all the competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honour of our teams.”
At the opening Ceremony of each Games, one athlete from the host country takes Olympic oath on behalf of all competing athletes. This particular gesture of sports-manship was introduced at the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium. A coach or team official takes a similar oath at each Opening Ceremony.
The Olympic Flame
The Olympic flame is one of the most visible symbols of the modern Games. Its tradition has survived from the Games of ancient Greece, where a sacred flame, ignited by the sun, burned continually on the altar of the goddess Hera.
The modern Olympic flame was first lit in 1928 at the Amsterdam Olympic Games, where it burned throughout the competitions. It has become a major symbol for solidarity among nations and embodies the Olympic spirit encompassing the ideals of purity, the endeavour for perfection, the struggle for victory, friendship and peace.
The Torch Relay
During the 1896 Games in Athens, young inspired sportsmen had organised the first torch relays. However, the tradition of the Olympic torch officially began at the Berlin Games in 1936. As in ancient times, the torch is lit by the sun in Ancient Olympia, then passed from runner to runner in a relay to the host city, where it is used to light the Olympic Stadium’s flame during the Games’ Opening Ceremony. The flame then burns until it is extinguished at the Closing Ceremony.
Section 3: Words and expressions from unit 2 THE OLYMPIC GAMES
honest
adj. 1. not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent: honest lawyers 2. marked by truth: give honest answers 3. without pretensions: worked at an honest trade 4. without dissimulation; frank: my honest opinion 5. habitually speaking the truth: an honest man 6. worthy of being depended on: an honest working staff 7. free from guile: His answer was simple and honest
ancient
adj. 1. very old: an ancient mariner 2. in or of times long ago: ancient Rome and Greece 3. having existed since a very early time: ancient history/customs
compete
v. to try to win sth. in competition with someone else: John competed for a place at their school, but didn’t get it. compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others
medal
n. an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event
host
n. a man who receives guests: He acted as host to his father’s friends. China is the host country for 2008 Olympic Games. v. be the host of or for: We hosted 4 couples last night.
magical
adj. possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers: a magical spell
interview
n. 1. the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists: My interviews with teen-agers revealed a weakening of religious bonds. 2. a conference (usually with someone important) v. 1. conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting 2. discuss formally with (somebody) for the purpose of an evaluation: We interviewed the job candidates. 3. go for an interview in the hope of being hired: The job candidate interviewed everywhere.
athlete
n. a person trained to compete in sports
admit
v. 1. allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of: admit someone to the profession 2. allow to enter; grant entry to: We cannot admit non-members into our club. 3. serve as a means of entrance: This ticket will admit one adult to the show. 4. give access or entrance to: The French doors admit onto the yard. 5. afford possibilitye: This problem admits of no solution. 6. declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of: He admitted his errors. 7. admit into a group or community: We’ll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member. 8. have room for; hold without crowding: The theater admits 300 people.
replace
v. 1. put something back where it belongs: Replace the book on the shelf after you have finished reading it. 2. substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected): He replaced the old razor blade. 3. put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items: The con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt. 4. take the place or move into the position of: Smith replaced Miller as CEO after Miller left.
relate
v. 1. have or establish a relationship to: She relates well to her peers. 2. be in a relationship with: How are these two observations related? 3. give an account of: The witness related the events. 4. have to do with or be relevant to 5. make a logical or causal connection: I cannot relate these events at all.
sail
n. 1. a large piece of fabric (as canvas) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel 2. an ocean trip taken for pleasure v. 1. traverse or travel by ship on (a body of water): We sailed the Atlantic 2. travel in a boat propelled by wind: I love sailing, especially on the open sea. 3. travel by boat on a boat propelled by wind or by other means: The QE2 will sail to Southampton tomorrow. 4. move with sweeping, effortless, gliding motions: Shreds of paper sailed through the air.
advertise
v. 1. call attention to: Please don’t advertise the fact that he has AIDS. 2. make publicity for; try to sell (a product)
promise
n. 1. grounds for feeling hopeful about the future: There is little or no promise that he will recover. 2. a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future v. 1. give grounds for expectations: The results promised fame and glory. 2. make a promise or commitment 3. promise to undertake or give: I promise you my best effort. 4. make a prediction about; tell in advance